Class notes
Microflora: Urinary and Digestive Tract
- Course
- Bio 250 (BIO250)
- Institution
- University Of South Carolina
This chapter covers urinary and digestive tract infections from a microbiological level.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Normal Microflorao Not found in most of the urogenital system.
o Found at/near the external urethral opening.
§ Cervical opening and below in females.
o Compete with pathogens for space and nutrients.
o Will contaminate any urine collected.
- your urethra sheds surface cells regularly so if any pathogens are attached you pee it
out
§ Except by direct puncture.
§ Uncircumcised males need extra care.
- Don’t. Have good hygiene routines
§ Women of different life stages have different organisms present.
- Shift in nutrient profile
§ The same is true for men.
- not as predictable
Urinary Tract Infections – Not STDs
o One of the most common infections in clinical practice.
§ 35-40% of all nosocomial
o Often a single species.
§ Contamination by normal microflora can come from a number of species.
- usually gram-positive
· Bacteria themselves are usually fecal in origin.
Upper:
o Urethritis & cystitis = urethrocystitis.
o Female urethra is 4 cm (males ~20 cm), making UTIs more common in women.
, - 40-50x more likely than men to get UTI
- Older women specifically
- Can be chronic sufferers
o Retained urine (interrupted/reduced flow) is the main cause.
o Ascending vs. Descending
Descending: Start high in urinary system and work down
Ascending: More common
- more severe if pregnant because pregnancy suppresses cell-mediated immunity
Focal Infections: Another infection somewhere else in the body is leaking bacteria into blood
stream and the attached themselves within kidneys
Periodontal disease!!
o Catheter? Watch out.
Need to make sure it’s sterile
- can cause UTI
Diagnose:
S/Sx: bacterial count of 10-200,000 bacterial cells
- not normal to find single species or gram-negative
Trt: Antibiotics
Other non-STDs
o Pyelonephritis
- inflammation of the renal pelvis
- Caused by fecal microflora
- Assisted by urine retention
- E.coli is a common cause
Chronic diseases have underlying causes: kidney stones…. root canals….
o Leptospirosis
- caused by leptospira enterabands
- Can catch from animals: dogs, cats, and rats and mice
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller marissag1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67096 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now