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Kin 311: The Lower Extremity || Questions and 100% Verified Answers.
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The Lower Extremity correct answers - Responsible for supporting the trunk and the upper extremities. - The lower extremities are subjected to forces that are generated via repetitive contacts between the foot and the ground. - Connected to each other and to the trunk by the pelvic girdle The ...

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  • October 31, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Kin 311: The Lower Extremity || Questions and 100%
Verified Answers.
The Lower Extremity correct answers - Responsible for supporting the trunk and the upper
extremities.
- The lower extremities are subjected to forces that are generated via repetitive contacts between
the foot and the ground.
- Connected to each other and to the trunk by the pelvic girdle

The Pelvic Girdle correct answers - Motion of the pelvis is only in relation to the environment.
- The pelvic girdle consists of the fibrous union of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
- Motions are rotation, obliquity, and tilt.
- Pelvic girdle and hip joint positioning are very important for balance and standing posture.

Function of Pelvic Girdle correct answers - Attachment for 28 trunk and thigh muscles.
- Support body weight.
- Transmit forces.
- Increase mobility of lower extremity and trunk.
- Pelvis orientation allows for favorable lower extremity position and movement.

Gender Differences in Pelvic Girdle correct answers - Males: High stability, narrower pelvic
girdle results in more mass above the pelvis, higher center of mass.
- Females: lighter, thinner, wider, flares laterally in the front, anteriorly rotated sacrum
orientation.
- The distance between the angle of insertion and the muscle line of action is different between
males and females resulting in differences in torque production.

Pelvic Rotation correct answers Transverse plane movement, rotating from right to left or vice
versa.

Pelvic Obliequity correct answers - Frontal plane motion, relative to the horizontal plane, when
the right or left side drops down and the opposite comes up.
- When the left drops it is left obliquity and when the right drops it is right obliquity.

Pelvic Tilt correct answers - Sagittal plane movement, anterior rotation is when the anterior iliac
spines tilt forward towards the ground. (rolling the pelvis forward so the hip bones are pointing
toward the ground).
- Anterior iliac spine moves toward the ceiling and this is posterior tilt.

Open and closed chain movements of the Hip Joint correct answers - Open chain: end of chain
moves freely.
- More movement of the leg than the pelvis.
- Closed chain, the end of the chain is fixed.
More movement of the hip than the leg in response to muscle activity.

, The SI Joint correct answers - Connects pelvis to the axial skeleton.
- Strong synovial joint with fibrocartilage and powerful ligamentous support.
- Subjected to and transmits loads from the lumbar region down and from the ground up.
- Some degree of joint motion despite strong reinforcement by ligaments.
- High stability and low flexibility because of strong fibrocartilage and ligaments that connect
them.
- Transmits forces from the upper body to the lower body.
- Large forces are transmitted through this somewhat precarious articulation.

SI Ligaments correct answers - Direct and indirect connections that support the sacroiliac joint.
- There are tons of ligaments that supply lots of support.
- Synovial joint, and this means you can get OSTEOARTHRITIS, this can only be treated by
being fused so that no movement is possible at that joint, or cortical steroid injections, but this is
just a temporary fix.

The Hip Joint Structure correct answers - Comprised of the head of the femur and the
acetabulum of the pelvis.
- One of the largest and most stable joints in the body.
- Bears relatively large forces.
- High flexibility, high stability
- This is possible due to the ball-and socket structure.
- 70 percent of femoral head articulates with acetabulum.
- Vacuum created by atmospheric pressure and labrum.
- Large amounts of trabecular bone to facilitate the distribution of forces absorbed by the hip
joint.

The Labrum of the Hip correct answers - The labrum is important at the hip joint that is a fibrous
connection that creates a seal and allows for a vacuum relative to atmospheric pressure.
- It provides a force that keeps the head of the femur in the acetabulum to lessen the strain on the
ligaments.

Most Stable Position of the Hip correct answers - 90 degrees of flexion, small external rotation,
Abduction (e.g. sitting)
- As you do this you rotate the femur so the max amount of the femoral head is articulating with
the acetabulum.
- *Least stable position:* 90 degrees of flexion, Adduction (e.g. sitting with legs crossed).
- This causes the least amount of articulation between the femoral head and the acetabulum.

Hip Joint Ligaments correct answers - Iliofemoral ligament and pubofemoral ligament.
- Provide anterior stability which is one reason for the high flexion RANGE OF MOTION.
- They keep the acetabulum connected to the femoral head.

The Acetabulum correct answers - Fibrous structure or connections of the ilium, ischium, and
pubis bones.
- Anterior, lateral, and inferior orientation.
- Concave surface covered with thick articular cartilage.

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