LYMPH LANA FINAL PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Klinefelter Syndrome - ✔✔A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X
chromosome, making them XXY instead of XY.
tall stature, long upper extremities, poor pubertal development, microorchidism,
enlarged breasts, sparce facial and body hair, small testes and subsequent sterility
✔✔Secondary Lymphedema - ✔✔caused by damage to lymphatic vessels that is most
frequently due to cancer treatment, surgery, trauma, or burns
✔✔Filariasis - ✔✔common roundworm: Wuchereria bancrofti.
cause lymph vessels to dilate so valves become incompetent
Worms "dance" around and this further damages the walls of the collectors
✔✔Podoconiosis - ✔✔Endemic non-filarial elephantiasis
Geochemical
✔✔Stewart-Treves syndrome - ✔✔angiosarcoma in long standing chronic lymphedema
which has often resulted from radical mastectomy
Looks like a bruise; yet, not tender
✔✔Submental Drains - ✔✔internal jugular
Lower lip/chin/cheek
✔✔Submandibular drains - ✔✔internal jugular
Lower eyelid/cheek/nose/upper&lower lip/lateral chin
✔✔Parotid drains - ✔✔internal jugular
tempoparietal of scalp/forehead/upper eyelid/lateral part of lower eyelid/anterior auricle
✔✔Posterior Auricular drains - ✔✔internal jugular and accessory
parietal portion of scalp/posterior auricle
✔✔Internal jugular drains - ✔✔jugular trunk
, recieves lymph fluid from submental, submandibular, parotid, posterior auricular
✔✔Accessory drains - ✔✔Supraclavicular
recieves lymph from occipital and internal jugular
✔✔Supraclavicular drains - ✔✔supraclavicular trunk
receives lymph from accessory and intercostal/portion of lateral upper arm/portion of
mammary gland
✔✔Parasternal drains - ✔✔Parasternal trunk
drains 25% mammary gland
✔✔Axillary drains - ✔✔Subclavian trunk
UE/mammary gland 75%/upper quadrants
✔✔Inguinal drains - ✔✔pelvic lnn--> lumnbar lnn--> lumbar trunks--> cisterna chyli-->
thoracic duct--> VA
✔✔active hyperemia - ✔✔Anything that causes vasodilation
Sphincter dilates to increase blood flow
Increased volume=increased BCP=increased filtration=increased LL of H20
Healthy LS can compensate
Activates safety factor
I,e. massage, inflammation from infection, temp, sunbathing, exercise
✔✔Passive Hyperemia - ✔✔Increase in BCP caused by obstruction of venous return or
deficiency of venous outflow
Caused by
Cardiac insufficiency
Pregnancy
Obesity
CVI/DVT
Sedentary lifestyle
Flying on airplane
Blood pools into capillaries=letting more blood into capillaries
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Klinefelter Syndrome - ✔✔A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X
chromosome, making them XXY instead of XY.
tall stature, long upper extremities, poor pubertal development, microorchidism,
enlarged breasts, sparce facial and body hair, small testes and subsequent sterility
✔✔Secondary Lymphedema - ✔✔caused by damage to lymphatic vessels that is most
frequently due to cancer treatment, surgery, trauma, or burns
✔✔Filariasis - ✔✔common roundworm: Wuchereria bancrofti.
cause lymph vessels to dilate so valves become incompetent
Worms "dance" around and this further damages the walls of the collectors
✔✔Podoconiosis - ✔✔Endemic non-filarial elephantiasis
Geochemical
✔✔Stewart-Treves syndrome - ✔✔angiosarcoma in long standing chronic lymphedema
which has often resulted from radical mastectomy
Looks like a bruise; yet, not tender
✔✔Submental Drains - ✔✔internal jugular
Lower lip/chin/cheek
✔✔Submandibular drains - ✔✔internal jugular
Lower eyelid/cheek/nose/upper&lower lip/lateral chin
✔✔Parotid drains - ✔✔internal jugular
tempoparietal of scalp/forehead/upper eyelid/lateral part of lower eyelid/anterior auricle
✔✔Posterior Auricular drains - ✔✔internal jugular and accessory
parietal portion of scalp/posterior auricle
✔✔Internal jugular drains - ✔✔jugular trunk
, recieves lymph fluid from submental, submandibular, parotid, posterior auricular
✔✔Accessory drains - ✔✔Supraclavicular
recieves lymph from occipital and internal jugular
✔✔Supraclavicular drains - ✔✔supraclavicular trunk
receives lymph from accessory and intercostal/portion of lateral upper arm/portion of
mammary gland
✔✔Parasternal drains - ✔✔Parasternal trunk
drains 25% mammary gland
✔✔Axillary drains - ✔✔Subclavian trunk
UE/mammary gland 75%/upper quadrants
✔✔Inguinal drains - ✔✔pelvic lnn--> lumnbar lnn--> lumbar trunks--> cisterna chyli-->
thoracic duct--> VA
✔✔active hyperemia - ✔✔Anything that causes vasodilation
Sphincter dilates to increase blood flow
Increased volume=increased BCP=increased filtration=increased LL of H20
Healthy LS can compensate
Activates safety factor
I,e. massage, inflammation from infection, temp, sunbathing, exercise
✔✔Passive Hyperemia - ✔✔Increase in BCP caused by obstruction of venous return or
deficiency of venous outflow
Caused by
Cardiac insufficiency
Pregnancy
Obesity
CVI/DVT
Sedentary lifestyle
Flying on airplane
Blood pools into capillaries=letting more blood into capillaries
