Complete samenvatting Klinische Psychiatrie

2021




Klinische psychiatrie
MAARTEN BEERTEN

,Inhoud
I. Gebruik van de DSM-V................................................................................................... 1
A. Inleiding ...................................................................................................................... 1
1. Psychopathologie .................................................................................................... 1
2. Psychiatrische stoornis ............................................................................................ 1
B. Classificatie ................................................................................................................ 2
1. Algemeen ................................................................................................................ 2
2. DSM/ICD ................................................................................................................. 3
3. Voor- en nadelen ..................................................................................................... 4
4. Geschiedenis .......................................................................................................... 4
C. Diagnostiek ................................................................................................................. 4
D. Globale veranderingen DSM-5.................................................................................... 5
1. Globale veranderingen ............................................................................................ 5
2. Sectie I: uitleg & instructies voor gebruik & verantwoording..................................... 6
3. Sectie II: beschrijving van de 20 categorieën en de verschillende stoornissen ........ 6
4. Sectie III: aandoeningen die verder onderzoek behoeven (lage validiteit) ............... 7
5. DSM-5 stellingen ..................................................................................................... 7
6. Conclusie ................................................................................................................ 8
II. Inleiding .......................................................................................................................... 8
A. Inleiding ...................................................................................................................... 8
1. Normaliteit en psychopathologie.............................................................................. 8
2. Probleem met subjectiviteit...................................................................................... 9
3. Epidemiologie.......................................................................................................... 9
B. Geschiedenis van de psychiatrie................................................................................11
C. Etiopathogenese ........................................................................................................12
1. Fysiopathogenese ..................................................................................................13
2. Psychopathogense .................................................................................................15
3. Het psychiatrisch onderzoek ..................................................................................20
III. Neurocognitieve stoornissen ......................................................................................21
A. Algemeen ..................................................................................................................21
1. Het geheugen.........................................................................................................21
B. Dementie ...................................................................................................................23
1. Algemeen ...............................................................................................................23
2. Klinische kenmerken ..............................................................................................23
3. Dementie van het Alzheimer-Type (DAT) ...............................................................25
4. Vasculaire dementie ...............................................................................................27

, 5. Fronto-temporale dementie ....................................................................................27
6. Andere vormen van dementie ................................................................................28
7. Diagnostiek ............................................................................................................28
8. Overlap symptomatologie .......................................................................................29
9. Behandeling ...........................................................................................................29
C. Delirium .....................................................................................................................30
1. Epidemiologie.........................................................................................................30
2. Klinische kenmerken ..............................................................................................30
3. Subtypes ................................................................................................................30
4. Delirium-dementie-depressie ..................................................................................31
5. Oorzaken delier: I WATCH DEATH ........................................................................31
6. Behandeling ...........................................................................................................31
D. Amnestische stoornissen ...........................................................................................32
IV. Middelengerelateerde en verslavingsstoornissen.......................................................32
A. Stoornissen in het gebruik .........................................................................................32
1. Misbruik van een middel .........................................................................................32
2. Middelenafhankelijkheid .........................................................................................32
B. Stoornissen door het gebruik ....................................................................................33
1. Intoxicatie door een middel.....................................................................................33
2. Onthouding van een middel....................................................................................33
C. Psychoactieve stoffen ................................................................................................33
1. Algemeen ...............................................................................................................33
2. Alcoholgebruik........................................................................................................35
3. Drugs .....................................................................................................................35
D. Middelengerelateerde en verslavingsstoornissen.......................................................36
1. Diagnostiek ............................................................................................................36
2. Etiopathogenese ....................................................................................................36
3. Aan middelen gebonden stoornissen .....................................................................37
V. Schizofrenie en andere psychotische stoornissen .........................................................39
A. Psychotische stoornissen of psychose .......................................................................39
A. Schizofrenie ...............................................................................................................39
1. Klinische criteria .....................................................................................................39
2. Kenmerken .............................................................................................................40
3. Comorbiditeit ..........................................................................................................42
4. Differentiële diagnostiek .........................................................................................42
5. Diagnostiek ............................................................................................................43
6. Epidemiologie.........................................................................................................43

, 7. Stresskwetsbaarheidsmodel ...................................................................................44
8. Prodromen .............................................................................................................44
9. Genetische factoren ...............................................................................................45
B. Verwante stoornissen ................................................................................................48
1. Schizofreniforme stoornis .......................................................................................48
2. Schizoaffectieve stoornis ........................................................................................49
3. Waanstoornis .........................................................................................................49
4. Kortdurende psychotische stoornis.........................................................................49
5. Gedeelde psychotische stoornis: klinische criteria ..................................................49
VI. Stemmingsstoornissen...............................................................................................50
A. Unipolaire stemmingsstoornissen ..............................................................................50
1. Depressieve stoornis ..............................................................................................50
2. Dysthyme stoornis ..................................................................................................52
3. Andere ...................................................................................................................52
B. Bipolaire stemminsstoornissen ..................................................................................52
1. Bipolaire stoornis – Algemeen ................................................................................52
2. Cyclothyme stoornis ...............................................................................................53
C. Diagnostiek en Comorbiditeit .....................................................................................53
D. Epidemiologie ............................................................................................................54
E. Etiopathogenese & fysiopathogenese ........................................................................54
F. Stress, HPA & Depressie ...........................................................................................55
G. Etiopathogenese en Psychopathogenese ..................................................................55
H. Verklaringsmodel .......................................................................................................55
I. Behandeling ...............................................................................................................56
1. Psychotherapie ......................................................................................................56
2. Psychofarmaca ......................................................................................................56
3. Andere behandelingen ...........................................................................................57
J. Suïcidaal proces ........................................................................................................57
1. Prevalentie .............................................................................................................57
2. Ontremmende factoren ..........................................................................................57
3. Beschermende factoren .........................................................................................58
4. Waarschuwsignalen ...............................................................................................58
VII. Angststoornissen .......................................................................................................59
A. Inleiding .....................................................................................................................59
B. Angststoornissen .......................................................................................................59
1. Cerebraal hersen-angstcircuit ................................................................................59
2. Behandeling ...........................................................................................................59