Integrated human science Galen Exam 1 Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

Nucleus - Answer-Control center of the cell, stores genetic information Mitochondria - Answer-Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production Golgi apparatus - Answer-Finishes and packages proteins for export Ribosomes (free) - Answer-Float within the cytosol, makes proteins used within the cell Ribosomes (fixed) - Answer-Fixed to the ER, concerned with the synthesis of protein that is to be exported Lysosomes - Answer-Garbage men of the cell. Removes damaged organelles vis phagocytosis active transport - Answer-the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy passive transport - Answer-the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell Diffusion - Answer-Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration facilitated diffusion - Answer-Helper molecule within the membrane assists movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Osmosis - Answer-Diffusion of water (solvent) from an area with more water to an area with less water; the water compartments are separated by a semipermeable membrane Filtration - Answer-The pushing of water and dissolved substances from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressureActive transport pump - Answer-Moves substances uphill (from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration); requires the input of energy Endocytosis - Answer-Taking in or ingestion of substances by the cell membrane Phagocytosis - Answer-engulfing of large particles by the cell membrane Exocytosis - Answer-Secretion of cellular products out of the cell Tonicity - Answer-The ability of a solution to affect the volume and pressure of a cell Isotonic - Answer-The same concentration of fluid is inside the cell and outside the cell. Cell neither gains nor loses water Hypertonic - Answer-Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution. Causes the cell to shrink Hypotonic - Answer-Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution. Water moves into the cell by osmosis. This type of solution causes the the cell to burst, or lyse. Benign - Answer-Unusual cell growth that IS NOT cancerous malignant - Answer-Unusual cell growth that IS cancerous metastasis - Answer-The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site Apoptosis - Answer-cell suicide necrosis - Answer-Death of a cell(s) Carbohydrates - Answer-Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygenMonosaccharides - Answer-Single sugar compounds. Contain three to six carbons