CRI 200 - Final Exam With Correct Answers.

WatchTime Canada - correct answer - YouTube connects creators and consumers - YT is the first media space where Canadians go to learn - YT's benefits are provided at no cost to the system - YT has facilitates the rise of 160000 Canadian creators/creative entrepreneurs - diversity of creators and perspectives Game of Thrones - correct answer - piracy is better than an emmy? - first episode of s7 was pirated 91.4 times and the season had more than a billion illegal downloads within a week - 2020: 130 billion visits to piracy sites Intellectual Property (IP) - correct answer - refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce - protected by law by, for example, patents, copyright and trademarks - enable people to earn recognition or financial benefit from what they invent or create - by striking the right balance between the interests of innovators and the wider public interest, the IP system aims to foster an environment in which creativity and innovation can flourish Public Good - correct answer - a commodity or service that is provided without profit to all members of a society, either by the government or a private individual or organization - free from the barriers that patents and other intellectual property impose - non-rival in consumption (not depleted as they used) and do not possess exclusionary mechanisms (anyone can use them, whether they have paid for them or not) - "the price system, which is based on rules of supply and demand, cannot operate for public goods, and we have in this an instance of what economists call 'total market failure'" - "exclusionary mechanisms should be used carefully, because they may not foster creativity or innovation, and they have the potential to unduly restrict the transfer of information and knowledge" Patent - correct answer - protects inventions - "without patents, companies wouldn't have incentive to bring a medicine to market" Invention - correct answer any new and useful art, process, machine, manufacture or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement in any art, process, machine, manufacture or composition of matter Natural Law (Rights Based) - correct answer - each person has a natural entitlement to the fruits of their labours - ideas are property and unauthorized copying is theft of that property - abstract moral authority, such as justice Utilitarian - correct answer - copyright is a tool for the general benefit - the approach taken should be the one with the highest net benefit to society - should companies be forced to share IP and give up profit on drugs and vaccines they introduce to fight COVID? IP as Limited Monopoly - correct answer - "in a monopoly, there is only one producer of the creative good or service, with perfect competition, there are many such rival offerings" (Hartley et al pg. 27) - intellectual property uses the law to give the owner of the IP a limited monopoly over the ability to profit from and dispose of the creation of their mind - 'monopoly' is not a word with positive connotations, in Canadian IP law, this is called the 'sole right' IP as Limited Monopoly (Vaccine Example) - correct answer - "the effects of IP monopolies like patents on competition and supply for pharmaceutical products are well documented (...) patent-based monopolies can also be a barrier in the filed of vaccine production and have posed challenged to vaccine development for decades" - doctors without borders (2017) Tangible IP - correct answer an invented thing Intangible IP - correct answer an invented idea or new knowledge 3 Assumptions of Classical Economies (abt how capitalism creates) - correct answer 1. the free market (private sector) is the appropriate system for allocating 'intellectual and information goods' within society 2. these goods will be underproduced without a guarantee of sufficient market-based financial incentives to creators and owners (of intellectual and information goods) 3. expansive, exclusive intellectual property rights are necessary to protect this market-based incentive form being undermined for the owners and creators by others copying their work/ideas/products IP & COVID-19: In Conclusion... - correct answer - the industrialization of integration of creativity into the market economy leans on IP - provides an incentive to creators of original ideas - ensures that rewards for successes are great enough to compensate for investment in failures - provides protection of that incentive from he market impacts of copying - balances between the need for creative products to be shared and used but also controlled by creators - manufactures an exchange value for the product of human creativity that is based on innovation cost and profit margin, not merely on material cost of tangible object - regulates the intrinsic notions of authorship & authenticity that are so central to what society values about certain creative products over others - IP, finding a balance between creators and society - the IP system frequently puts one stakeholder's 'market incentives' against the desires of another party to use restricted IP for reasons non market reasons (see M & T, ch. 1) - the "right balance" that the IP system tries to strike between the "interests of creators" and the "wider public interest" is a subjective, fluid and highly political policy goal - IP is both global and local, and there are politics, inequalities and power relations both globally and locally as well - IP ownership is just as often claimed, and defended just as it is straightforwardly earned - the classical economies market incentive justification for strong IP is very powerful, but amazing acts of innovation and creation are observable in situations where it is not present too Patron - correct answer - a defender or protector, someone who lends support and influence - derived from the Latin word for "father"