FNDH 620 Exam 1 Study Guide | 100% Correct | Verified | 2024 Version

What 4 major elements make up the human body? - - Oxygen 63% - Carbon 18% - Hydrogen 9% - Nitrogen 3% What is a nutrient? - a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life. How many elements is the body made of? - 27 of more than 100 Functions of proteins - enzymes, receptors, transporters, hormones How many different types of cells are there? - 200 all with the same dna but different functions and nutrient requirements What is the percent of water in the body - 55-65% What is the percent of protein and lipids combined in the body? - 30-45% What is the percent of nucleic acids, carbs and others in the body? - 1% What is the percent of minerals in the body? - 5% What are proteins? - amino acids linked by peptide bondsDNA/RNA - made from nucleotides which are made of purine, pyrimidine, phosphoric acid and carbohydrate What are triglycerides? - 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol backbone What is glycogen? - glucose molecules linked together by anhydride bonds What are hydrophobic substances that are impermeable to the phospholipid bilayer interior? - ions, glucose, amino acids and urea 2 types of membrane proteins? - intregral and peripheral What are intregral proteins? - they are transmembrane which means they go completely through functions of intregral proteins? - ion channels, carriers, active transporters, receptors and enzymes, pump to maintain concentration gradient in cell what are peripheral proteins? - they are found only on one side of the bilayer, typically on the intracellular edge functions of peripheral proteins - enzymes What makes up glycoprotein? - Carbohydrates attached to proteins What makes up glycolipids? - Carbohydrates attached to lipids What makes up proteoglycans? - Protein attached to glycosaminoglycansStructure of plasma membrane - proteins 55% but lipids outnumber proteins 50:1 Function of cholesterol - hydrophobic aside from hydroxyl group enhances the stability of the plasma membrane function of peripheral proteins - enzymes Two major parts of the cell - cytoplasm and nucleus Cytoplasm? - cytosol and the organelles Whats in the cytosol? - electrolytes, proteins, glucose, glycogen, amino acids and lipids Functions of cytosol? - concentrations differ for