ESB TEST 2 Pool Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A
Research Process - Question, design, findings, publishing
True Experiment - designs in which the researcher manipulates ALL independent variables; total control over who's in what group
Quasi Experimental Design - designs in w...
ESB TEST 2 Pool Questions and
answers, 100% Accurate, rated A
Research Process - ✔✔Question, design, findings, publishing
True Experiment - ✔✔designs in which the researcher manipulates ALL independent variables; total
control over who's in what group
Quasi Experimental Design - ✔✔designs in which random assignments cannot be used
Quasi Independent Variables - ✔✔variables treated as if they were independent variables in the
experimental design even though the researchers did not manipulate them
Self Reports - ✔✔any measurement technique that directly asks a participant how they think/feel
Advantages of Self Report - ✔✔inexpensive, easily administered, firsthand info from the source
Disadvantages of Self Report - ✔✔social desirability concerns, potential demand characteristics (wanting
a specific result like on buzzfeed quiz), possible retrospective bias
Behavioral Measure - ✔✔a measure of a participant's actions in a research design, must be able to
operationally define and measure participants' behavior (Behavioral trace/observation/choice)
Raw Score - ✔✔the actual score; trace score + error
True Score - ✔✔what your score would be if the test was a perfect measure of that attribute and
uninfluenced by any extraneous factors
, Error - ✔✔extraneous influences that will cause the raw score to deviate from the true score; (random
error + bias)/systematic error
Random Error - ✔✔variation from the measure's true score due to unsystematic or chance factors,
present if you get different results when the same measure was used multiple times
Systematic Error - ✔✔aka bias, error that consistently pushes scores in a given direction, worse than
random error bc leads to inaccurate conclusions
Strategies for Minimizing Error - ✔✔standardization of experiments, reduce scorer biases
Observer/Scorer Bias - ✔✔misinterpreting an observation based on the researcher's existing beliefs,
previous experiences, expectations, etc
Ceiling Effect - ✔✔occurs when the upper boundary of a measurement tool is set too low, leading
everyone to select the highest response
Floor Effect - ✔✔occurs when the lower boundary of a measurement tool is set too high, leading
everyone to select the lowest response
Reliability - ✔✔stability or consistency of a measure
Validity - ✔✔the degree to which a tool measures what it claims to; to be valid, a measure must first be
reliable
Population - ✔✔the entire group of interest in a research study from which a sample is drawn
Sample - ✔✔a subset of the population from which the researcher collects data
Sampling Plan - ✔✔explicit strategy used for recruiting participants from the population; goal is to
represent the population you are sampling
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