Chapter 6. Bones and Skeletal Tissues (Check Your Understanding)
6.1 Hyaline, elasti c, and fi brocarti lage help form 6.4 The gross structure of all bones consists of
the skeleton compact bone sandwiching spongy bone
1. Which type of cartilage is most plentiful in 9. In the figure below, name the parts of the
the adult body? bone indicated by (a) and (b), and the
membranes found at (c) and (d). What kind
2. What two body structures contain flexible of cartilage is found at (e)? Is this bone from
elastic cartilage? an adult or a child? How can you tell?
3. Cartilage grows by interstitial growth. What
does this mean?
6.2 Bones perform several important functi ons
4. What is the functional relationship between
skeletal muscles and bones?
5. List two types of substances stored in bone
and state where each is stored.
6.3 Bones are classifi ed by their locati on and
shape
6. What are the components of the axial
skeleton?
7. Contrast the general function of the axial
skeleton to that of the appendicular 10. WHAT IF What would happen to a bone if
skeleton. you removed all of the inorganic
components (for example, by soaking it in
8. What bone class do the ribs and skull bones vinegar for several days)? Would it be able
fall into? to resist compression? Tension?
11. DRAW Draw a cross section midway along
the diaphysis of a typical long bone in an
adult (omit any spongy bone). Label the
medullary cavity and indicate the type of
marrow found in this cavity. Label the
compact bone. Draw and label the
periosteum and endosteum.
12. MAKE CONNECTIONS Which cell has a
ruffled border and acts to break down bone
matrix? From your knowledge of organelles
(Chapter 3), state which organelle would be
1
, the likely source of the enzymes that can 6.8 Bone disorders result from abnormal bone
digest bone matrix? depositi on and resorpti on
22. Which bone disorder is characterized by
6.5 Bones develop either by intramembranous
excessive deposit of weak, poorly
or endochondral ossifi cati on
mineralized bone?
13. Bones don’t begin with bone tissue. What
do they begin with? 23. What are three measures that may help to
maintain healthy bone density?
14. When describing endochondral ossification,
some say “bone chases cartilage”. What 24. What name is given to “adult rickets”?
does that mean?
15. Where is the primary ossification centre
located in a long bone? Where is (are) the
secondary ossification centre(s) located?
16. As a long bone grows in length, what is
happening in the hypertrophic zone of the
epiphyseal plate?
6.6 Bone remodelling involves bone depositi on
and removal
17. Which stimulus – PTH (a hormone) or
mechanical forces acting on the skeleton –
is more important in maintaining
homeostatic blood calcium levels?
18. How do bone growth and bone remodelling
differ?
19. PREDICT If osteoclasts in a long bone are
more active than osteoblasts, how will bone
mass change?
20. APPLY Despite daily exercise, the bones of
astronauts in the International Space
Station get thinner and weaker during their
time in space. Why does this occur?
6.7 Bone repair involves hematoma and callus
formati on, and remodelling
21. How does an open fracture differ from a
closed fracture?
2
6.1 Hyaline, elasti c, and fi brocarti lage help form 6.4 The gross structure of all bones consists of
the skeleton compact bone sandwiching spongy bone
1. Which type of cartilage is most plentiful in 9. In the figure below, name the parts of the
the adult body? bone indicated by (a) and (b), and the
membranes found at (c) and (d). What kind
2. What two body structures contain flexible of cartilage is found at (e)? Is this bone from
elastic cartilage? an adult or a child? How can you tell?
3. Cartilage grows by interstitial growth. What
does this mean?
6.2 Bones perform several important functi ons
4. What is the functional relationship between
skeletal muscles and bones?
5. List two types of substances stored in bone
and state where each is stored.
6.3 Bones are classifi ed by their locati on and
shape
6. What are the components of the axial
skeleton?
7. Contrast the general function of the axial
skeleton to that of the appendicular 10. WHAT IF What would happen to a bone if
skeleton. you removed all of the inorganic
components (for example, by soaking it in
8. What bone class do the ribs and skull bones vinegar for several days)? Would it be able
fall into? to resist compression? Tension?
11. DRAW Draw a cross section midway along
the diaphysis of a typical long bone in an
adult (omit any spongy bone). Label the
medullary cavity and indicate the type of
marrow found in this cavity. Label the
compact bone. Draw and label the
periosteum and endosteum.
12. MAKE CONNECTIONS Which cell has a
ruffled border and acts to break down bone
matrix? From your knowledge of organelles
(Chapter 3), state which organelle would be
1
, the likely source of the enzymes that can 6.8 Bone disorders result from abnormal bone
digest bone matrix? depositi on and resorpti on
22. Which bone disorder is characterized by
6.5 Bones develop either by intramembranous
excessive deposit of weak, poorly
or endochondral ossifi cati on
mineralized bone?
13. Bones don’t begin with bone tissue. What
do they begin with? 23. What are three measures that may help to
maintain healthy bone density?
14. When describing endochondral ossification,
some say “bone chases cartilage”. What 24. What name is given to “adult rickets”?
does that mean?
15. Where is the primary ossification centre
located in a long bone? Where is (are) the
secondary ossification centre(s) located?
16. As a long bone grows in length, what is
happening in the hypertrophic zone of the
epiphyseal plate?
6.6 Bone remodelling involves bone depositi on
and removal
17. Which stimulus – PTH (a hormone) or
mechanical forces acting on the skeleton –
is more important in maintaining
homeostatic blood calcium levels?
18. How do bone growth and bone remodelling
differ?
19. PREDICT If osteoclasts in a long bone are
more active than osteoblasts, how will bone
mass change?
20. APPLY Despite daily exercise, the bones of
astronauts in the International Space
Station get thinner and weaker during their
time in space. Why does this occur?
6.7 Bone repair involves hematoma and callus
formati on, and remodelling
21. How does an open fracture differ from a
closed fracture?
2
