Neuroanatomy Lectures:
- 7 questions and 4 from sylvius
3 Main parts
1. Scaffolding structures
2. Basic Divisions
3. Essential Structures
1. SCAFFOLDING STRUCTURES
● FUNCTION = protection
○ Dura Mater (thickest)
■ Falx Cerebri: divides the
hemispheres
■ Tentorium Cerebelli: divides
occipital lobe and temporal lobe from
cerebellum and brainstem
○ Arachnoid Mater
○ Pia Mater (thinnest) (gets into gyri of brain)
● Subarachnoid space → between Arachnoid Mater
and Pia Mater
○ filled with CSF
● Ventricles:
○ FUNCTION = CSF transport
○ filled with CSF
○ choroid plexus: produce CSF
■ sent to brain through the ventricles → to
subarachnoid space → granulations in
subarachnoid space send the CSF away for
drainage → send the CSF to sinuses of venous
system
● CSF:
, ○ FUNCTION = protection, provide nutrients to neurons, deduce weight of brain
by 90% so that neurons don’t collapse
● Granulations:
○ push CSF away via sinuses
● Blood circulation: (CHECK THIS)
○ brain gets 20% of oxygenated blood
coming directly from the heart
○ from two arteries:
■ 1. Carotid artery (front)
■ 2. Vertebral artery (back)
● BOTH= convert to
circle of Willis
● Circle of Willis: (CHECK THIS)
○ Redundancy principle: if one part of the structure is not
working properly, the other will compensate for it
○ 3 Main Cerebral Arteries:
■ anterior →
■ medial → lateral part of brain
● (basal ganglia = movement scaling)
■ posterior → goes to back
● (occipital cortex)
○ Blood goes through sinuses and leaves the brain through
jugular vein
,2. BASIC DIVISIONS:
● (look at how the brain evolved, from which structures)
● Telencephalon = basal ganglia (except thalamus and
substantia nigra), caudate nucleus
● Diencephalon = thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
○ receive info from senses (NOT smell)
● Mesencephalon = substantia nigra and peduncles
(midbrain)
● Metencephalon = pons and cerebellum
○ cerebellum: has nuclei (DEGF) that connect it to
the big brain (ONLY WAY to communicate)
● Myelencephalon = medulla oblongata (pyramids)
○ many cranial nerves are found
● Main Cortex:
○ Frontal = decision making, plan, dopamine
controlled, voluntary movement, personality
○ Parietal = sensory info, language processing
○ Temporal = visual memory, language
comprehension (Wernicke’s Area)
○ Occipital = Motor reception, vision
○ Insular = self-awareness, experience, emotion
, ○ Limbic = learning, memory, reward, emotion
● Cranial Nerves:
○ Olfactory nerve
■ tract and bulb
○ Optic nerve
○ Vestibule-cochlear nerve
○ Trigeminal nerve (V1, V2, V3)
○ Facial nerve
○ Dorsal root spinal nerve
○ Ventral root spinal nerve
● Spinal Cord:
○ Dorsal Part = sensory information comes
from dorsal root through dorsal horn and
goes to medulla oblongata through
dorsal column
○ Ventral Part = motor information from
medulla oblongata (brain) goes to the
dorsal column → dorsal horn → leaves to
muscles via ventral horn to ventral root
- 7 questions and 4 from sylvius
3 Main parts
1. Scaffolding structures
2. Basic Divisions
3. Essential Structures
1. SCAFFOLDING STRUCTURES
● FUNCTION = protection
○ Dura Mater (thickest)
■ Falx Cerebri: divides the
hemispheres
■ Tentorium Cerebelli: divides
occipital lobe and temporal lobe from
cerebellum and brainstem
○ Arachnoid Mater
○ Pia Mater (thinnest) (gets into gyri of brain)
● Subarachnoid space → between Arachnoid Mater
and Pia Mater
○ filled with CSF
● Ventricles:
○ FUNCTION = CSF transport
○ filled with CSF
○ choroid plexus: produce CSF
■ sent to brain through the ventricles → to
subarachnoid space → granulations in
subarachnoid space send the CSF away for
drainage → send the CSF to sinuses of venous
system
● CSF:
, ○ FUNCTION = protection, provide nutrients to neurons, deduce weight of brain
by 90% so that neurons don’t collapse
● Granulations:
○ push CSF away via sinuses
● Blood circulation: (CHECK THIS)
○ brain gets 20% of oxygenated blood
coming directly from the heart
○ from two arteries:
■ 1. Carotid artery (front)
■ 2. Vertebral artery (back)
● BOTH= convert to
circle of Willis
● Circle of Willis: (CHECK THIS)
○ Redundancy principle: if one part of the structure is not
working properly, the other will compensate for it
○ 3 Main Cerebral Arteries:
■ anterior →
■ medial → lateral part of brain
● (basal ganglia = movement scaling)
■ posterior → goes to back
● (occipital cortex)
○ Blood goes through sinuses and leaves the brain through
jugular vein
,2. BASIC DIVISIONS:
● (look at how the brain evolved, from which structures)
● Telencephalon = basal ganglia (except thalamus and
substantia nigra), caudate nucleus
● Diencephalon = thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
○ receive info from senses (NOT smell)
● Mesencephalon = substantia nigra and peduncles
(midbrain)
● Metencephalon = pons and cerebellum
○ cerebellum: has nuclei (DEGF) that connect it to
the big brain (ONLY WAY to communicate)
● Myelencephalon = medulla oblongata (pyramids)
○ many cranial nerves are found
● Main Cortex:
○ Frontal = decision making, plan, dopamine
controlled, voluntary movement, personality
○ Parietal = sensory info, language processing
○ Temporal = visual memory, language
comprehension (Wernicke’s Area)
○ Occipital = Motor reception, vision
○ Insular = self-awareness, experience, emotion
, ○ Limbic = learning, memory, reward, emotion
● Cranial Nerves:
○ Olfactory nerve
■ tract and bulb
○ Optic nerve
○ Vestibule-cochlear nerve
○ Trigeminal nerve (V1, V2, V3)
○ Facial nerve
○ Dorsal root spinal nerve
○ Ventral root spinal nerve
● Spinal Cord:
○ Dorsal Part = sensory information comes
from dorsal root through dorsal horn and
goes to medulla oblongata through
dorsal column
○ Ventral Part = motor information from
medulla oblongata (brain) goes to the
dorsal column → dorsal horn → leaves to
muscles via ventral horn to ventral root
