NURS 372 Exam 6, With Complete
Solution 2024/2025.
HIV
Disease characterized by impaired immunity
Contracted by sexual contact, parenterally, and perinatally
HIV s/s
Few symptoms at first but can increase as the disease progresses.
Flu-like symptoms, lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes), weakness, night sweats,
fever, weight loss, rashes
Opportunistic infections (thrush), malignancies, endocrine complications, cardiovascular
complications
AIDS dementia complex
AIDS wasting syndrome
Skin changes
Kidney problems
HIV diagnostics
Lymphocyte counts
Antibody-antigen tests
Viral load tests
Low CD4+ count
Positive ELISA test
Western blot test
HIV treatment
Best prevention = education
Monitor CD4+ count
Prevent infection
Prophylactic treatment
Pre-exposure = Truvada
Post-exposure = cART
HIV stage I
onset of acute infection responses after an initial invasion by the virus causing overt
symptoms. Relatively short phase of disease
HIV stage II
chronic HIV, can last for years to decades
HIV stage III
AIDS, characterized by profound reduction of immunity and poor protection against
infection. can last for years
AIDS
Final and most severe stage of HIV infection
Characterized by profound reduction of immunity and poor protection against infection.
can last for years
Anaphylaxis
, Medical emergency causing blood vessel dilation, decreased cardiac output, and
bronchoconstriction
anaphylaxis s/s
Feelings of apprehension, weakness, impending doom
Respiratory symptoms
Hypotension
Diaphoresis
anaphylaxis treatment
Prevention - avoid known allergens, wear medical alert bracelet, notify healthcare
personnel about specific allergens
Carry anaphylaxis kit or epinephrine injector
Establish or stabilize airway
Discontinue anything that could be causing reaction
Call RRT
Apply oxygen
Be prepared to administer epinephrine for anaphylaxis and diphenhydramine from
angioedema and urticaria
Other interventions may be needed depending on degree of problem
angioedema
Severe type of type I hypersensitivity reaction that involves the blood vessels and all
layers of the skin, mucous membranes, and subcutaneous tissues in the affected area
Lips, face, tongue, larynx, neck
angioedema s/s
History - drugs, esp those used for BP control
S/s - lip swelling, itching in back of throat, deep, firm swelling of face, lips, tongue, and
neck, difficulty speaking, drinking, nasal swelling
angioedema treatment
Stop the reaction, ensure an adequate airway
Oxygen, possible intubation or tracheostomy, drug therapy
ACEI for hypertension
lupus
Chronic, progressive autoimmune disorder
Tissue integrity is lost via excessive inflammation and overactive immunity leading to
organ failure and death
Strong genetic connection
Triggers include infection, injury, drugs, hormones, exposure
lupus s/s
Red, macular, facial rash (butterfly rash)
Discoid rash - face, scalp, sun-exposure areas
Photosensitivity
Chronic lesions on mucous membranes
Nonerosive arthritis
Serosal membrane inflammation
Neurologic, hematologic, immunity problems
lupus diagnostics
Solution 2024/2025.
HIV
Disease characterized by impaired immunity
Contracted by sexual contact, parenterally, and perinatally
HIV s/s
Few symptoms at first but can increase as the disease progresses.
Flu-like symptoms, lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes), weakness, night sweats,
fever, weight loss, rashes
Opportunistic infections (thrush), malignancies, endocrine complications, cardiovascular
complications
AIDS dementia complex
AIDS wasting syndrome
Skin changes
Kidney problems
HIV diagnostics
Lymphocyte counts
Antibody-antigen tests
Viral load tests
Low CD4+ count
Positive ELISA test
Western blot test
HIV treatment
Best prevention = education
Monitor CD4+ count
Prevent infection
Prophylactic treatment
Pre-exposure = Truvada
Post-exposure = cART
HIV stage I
onset of acute infection responses after an initial invasion by the virus causing overt
symptoms. Relatively short phase of disease
HIV stage II
chronic HIV, can last for years to decades
HIV stage III
AIDS, characterized by profound reduction of immunity and poor protection against
infection. can last for years
AIDS
Final and most severe stage of HIV infection
Characterized by profound reduction of immunity and poor protection against infection.
can last for years
Anaphylaxis
, Medical emergency causing blood vessel dilation, decreased cardiac output, and
bronchoconstriction
anaphylaxis s/s
Feelings of apprehension, weakness, impending doom
Respiratory symptoms
Hypotension
Diaphoresis
anaphylaxis treatment
Prevention - avoid known allergens, wear medical alert bracelet, notify healthcare
personnel about specific allergens
Carry anaphylaxis kit or epinephrine injector
Establish or stabilize airway
Discontinue anything that could be causing reaction
Call RRT
Apply oxygen
Be prepared to administer epinephrine for anaphylaxis and diphenhydramine from
angioedema and urticaria
Other interventions may be needed depending on degree of problem
angioedema
Severe type of type I hypersensitivity reaction that involves the blood vessels and all
layers of the skin, mucous membranes, and subcutaneous tissues in the affected area
Lips, face, tongue, larynx, neck
angioedema s/s
History - drugs, esp those used for BP control
S/s - lip swelling, itching in back of throat, deep, firm swelling of face, lips, tongue, and
neck, difficulty speaking, drinking, nasal swelling
angioedema treatment
Stop the reaction, ensure an adequate airway
Oxygen, possible intubation or tracheostomy, drug therapy
ACEI for hypertension
lupus
Chronic, progressive autoimmune disorder
Tissue integrity is lost via excessive inflammation and overactive immunity leading to
organ failure and death
Strong genetic connection
Triggers include infection, injury, drugs, hormones, exposure
lupus s/s
Red, macular, facial rash (butterfly rash)
Discoid rash - face, scalp, sun-exposure areas
Photosensitivity
Chronic lesions on mucous membranes
Nonerosive arthritis
Serosal membrane inflammation
Neurologic, hematologic, immunity problems
lupus diagnostics
