NCC EFM Exam Questions With Verified Solutions

NCC EFM Exam Questions With Verified Solutions Normal arterial blood pH - answer 7.10 Normal arterial blood pH mean value range - answer7.2-7.29 Metabolic Acidemia pH - answer 7.10 Respiratory Acidemia pH - answer 7.10 Normal arterial blood PO2 - answer 20 Normal arterial blood PO2 mean value range - answer15-24 Metabolic Acidemia PO2 - answer 20 Respiratory Acidemia PO2 - answervariable Normal arterial blood PCO2 - answer 60 Normal arterial blood PCO2 mean value range - answer49.2-56.3 Metabolic Acidemia PCO2 - answer 60 Respiratory Acidemia PCO2 - answer 60 Normal arterial blood HCO3 - answer 22 Normal arterial blood HCO3 mean value range - answer22-24 Metabolic Acidemia HCO3 - answer 22 Respiratory Acidemia HCO3 - answer 22 Normal arterial blood Base Deficit - answer 12 Normal arterial blood Base Deficit mean value range - answer2.7-8.3 Metabolic Acidemia Base Deficit - answer 12 Respiratory Acidemia Base Deficit - answer 12 Normal arterial blood Base Excess - answer -12 Metabolic Acidemia Base Excess - answer -12 Respiratory Acidemia Base Excess - answer -12 Parasympathetic Nervous System Physiology - answer-originates in vagus nerve that extends from the medulla oblongata -stimulates release of acetylcholine pathway from transmission of FHR variability Parasympathetic Nervous System Effect on FHR - answer-decreases FHR -increasing gestational age, slow, gradual decrease in FHR -Moderate variability indicates absence of metabolic acidemia -modulates baseline FHR with sympathetic branch Sympathetic Nervous System Physiology - answer-widely distributed throughout myocardium -stimulates release of catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) -reserve mechanism that improves heart's pumping ability during intermittent hypoxemia/stress -may cause fetal vasoconstriction and hypertension -blocking with propranolol results in 10bpm decrease in FHR Sympathetic Nervous System Effect on FHR - answer-increases FHR -intermittent hypoxemia causes initial normal fetal compensatory response of FHR increase or brief tachycardia -at term, tachycardia is not normal -in early gestation, SNS dominance results in slightly higher FHR and decreased variability Cardiac Output - answer-Fetal CO is dependent on HR -CO = HR ~ SV -small changes in HR have minimal effect on CO -fetal tachycardia greater than 240 bpm or bradycardia less than 60 bpm may cause a decrease in fetal CO and umbilical blood flow Baroreceptors - answer-protective stretch receptors -located in aortic arch and carotid sinuses