CRJS 181 Exam 1 Study Guide with 100% correct answers

Which media frame sees equal treatment for all groups as a solution to problems in the criminal justice system? Racist system The term sexual abuse generally refers to Sexual touching without consent Which offense demonstrates how crimes can become increasingly criminalized over time? driving under the influence Murder, rape, and robbery are commonly categorized as which type of crime? street Why is it important to know the differences between criminal justice and criminology? It is important to know the differences between criminal justice and criminology because, while some overlap may occur, they are two distinct academic disciplines. Criminal justice focuses on the fundamental systems of policing, the courts, and corrections, while criminology refers to the study of the nature, extent, and causes of criminal offending and criminal victimization. Together criminal justice and criminology provide us with a more complete overview of our criminal justice system and the reasons why people engage in criminality. Discuss the role of the victim in the criminal justice system. How has it changed over the past several decades? Traditionally, the victim was ignored in the road map of criminal justice. In recent years, however, the victim has played a more involved role in the prosecution of people who are incarcerated. Victims are now often provided access to a victim advocate that helps them work with the police and government to assist in the prosecution of the person who is incarcerated. In addition, victims have expanded rights when it comes to being notified about the case in which they are involved. Formerly, victims were not informed or protected during this process, but now they have an advocate that will inform them of their rights from the beginning of the process until the end of the trial. The president of a financial consulting firm is accused of stealing money from the company that would normally have gone to shareholders. This is an example of a white collar crime. Why is the understanding of public policy helpful in our understanding of criminal justice? Public concerns shape legislation, policy, actions, and community standards. Understanding the needs of the community on issues such as gun violence, gangs, drug use, and other issues determine how our criminal justice system reacts. If a community views an issue, like gang violence, as pressing, the criminal justice system will focus on this issue, regardless of whether it is really the most important issue facing the system. Politicians want to show the community they are listening to them and responding to their concerns, so they can get elected or reelected. Researchers in which academic discipline might research the precipitating behavioral factors for committing serial murder? criminology The process of packaging criminal events into tidy presentations is called ______. framing Which term refers to the prosecutor dropping the charges during a case? Nolle prosequi By the end of 2016, the U.S. correctional system supervised approximately 1 million adults. False What is narrow-casting? Evaluate its effects on society's view of crime and criminal people who are incarcerated. Sample response: Years ago, there were only a few news outlets and they had to appeal to a broad audience; as such they tended to limit overt bias in presenting the news. As there are now many more media outlets covering the news, the outlets tend to cater to the demands of a smaller, more homogenous audiences. This means that media outlets often present a narrow view of information aimed at appeasing their target audience, often at the expense of the truth. This practice, known as narrow-casting, can affect how certain segments of the population view crime and can perpetuate false beliefs about crime and criminals. The crime control perspective suggests that people who are incarcerated ______. are greedy and impulsive An assumption of the faulty criminal justice system frame is that ______. punishments are not harsh enough A decision made by a grand jury indicates that insufficient evidence is present to proceed with the case is called a ______. no bill A criminal defendant was charged with theft. The defendant did not plead guilty but accepted the punishment for the crime without admitting guilt. What did the defendant plea? Nolo contendere Which person who is incarcerated is most likely to receive the death penalty for their actions? a Black man who murdered a White woman The survivor of an armed robbery is having difficulty navigating the criminal justice system. He hopes to be connected to someone to educate him about the proceedings and who can put him in contact with resources for emotional support. He is looking for a ______. victim advocate Media outlets actively avoid framing when they report on crime. False The consensus model requires citizens to sign a social contract. True What do informal social control measures seek to accomplish in society? conformity and compliance One of the stated grievances of the domestic terrorist group responsible for the Oklahoma City Bombing in 1995 was their belief that the government was trying to restrict their rights to bear arms Traditionally, marijuana use was considered mala in se False Explain how the FBI's legal definition of rape has changed over the past couple of decades: The definition of rape has been expanded over the past few decades. The FBI has changed their definition to broaden the behaviors that constitute rape and to include men and boys as possible victims of rape. In addition, the FBI removed the word "forcibly" from their definition to reflect the contemporary understanding of rape. The