CISSN Study Guide Questions and
Answers 100% Correct
Explain how carnosine is synthesized within the body. - ANSWER-Beta-alanine + l-
histidine + ATP > carnosine + AMP + diphosphate. Via carnosine synthase
What is a waxy maize starch and what effect does it have on blood glucose? -
ANSWER-A very slow digesting starch (lots of amylose). Leads to lower glucose and
insulin responses
Based on recent studies, which vitamin shows evidence of positively affecting muscle
function? Hint: sunshine - ANSWER-Vitamin D
Regarding energy drinks (ED), are the following true or false?
-The primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES appear to be carbohydrate and/or
caffeine.
-The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been well-
established but the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in ED and ES
remains to be determined.
-Consuming ED 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness,
anaerobic performance, and/or endurance performance. - ANSWER-
What is needed for gluconeogenesis in humans? Give examples of gluconeogenic
precursors. - ANSWER-Glycerol + amino acids(alanine and/or glutamine) +
lactate/pyruvate.
, Pyruvate decarboxylase
What effect does long-term coffee consumption have on Type II Diabetes? - ANSWER-
Lowers risk of type II diabetes
What effect does supplementing with WPI have on muscle damage? - ANSWER-
Attenuates catabolism and promotes protein synthesis
When glycogen stores are depleted, what macronutrient becomes the predominant fuel
source during distance running? - ANSWER-Fat, specifically blood TAG
How many extra kcals are required for accumulation of 1 kg of body fat? - ANSWER-
3500
What are the effects of pre-exercise dehydration on thermoregulation and exercise
performance? - ANSWER-Dehydration > worse thermoregulation. Problems start as low
as 1% of body weight, strength, endurance, fine motor skills, mental performance.
Cramps and fatigue @ 4%, stroke and big problems at 6%
What are the effects of l-alanyl-l-glutamine supplementation on time-to-exhaustion and
dehydration stress? - ANSWER-Increased time to exhaustion under mild dehydration
stress
Compare fat and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise. Under what conditions does
one fuel source predominate over the other? - ANSWER-More intensity, shorter
duration > carbohydrate. Longer duration, lower intensity> fat. VLCKD can influence
preferred substrate
What effect does betaine supplementation have on exercise performance? - ANSWER-
Improves power, force and ability to sustain both
Answers 100% Correct
Explain how carnosine is synthesized within the body. - ANSWER-Beta-alanine + l-
histidine + ATP > carnosine + AMP + diphosphate. Via carnosine synthase
What is a waxy maize starch and what effect does it have on blood glucose? -
ANSWER-A very slow digesting starch (lots of amylose). Leads to lower glucose and
insulin responses
Based on recent studies, which vitamin shows evidence of positively affecting muscle
function? Hint: sunshine - ANSWER-Vitamin D
Regarding energy drinks (ED), are the following true or false?
-The primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES appear to be carbohydrate and/or
caffeine.
-The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been well-
established but the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in ED and ES
remains to be determined.
-Consuming ED 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness,
anaerobic performance, and/or endurance performance. - ANSWER-
What is needed for gluconeogenesis in humans? Give examples of gluconeogenic
precursors. - ANSWER-Glycerol + amino acids(alanine and/or glutamine) +
lactate/pyruvate.
, Pyruvate decarboxylase
What effect does long-term coffee consumption have on Type II Diabetes? - ANSWER-
Lowers risk of type II diabetes
What effect does supplementing with WPI have on muscle damage? - ANSWER-
Attenuates catabolism and promotes protein synthesis
When glycogen stores are depleted, what macronutrient becomes the predominant fuel
source during distance running? - ANSWER-Fat, specifically blood TAG
How many extra kcals are required for accumulation of 1 kg of body fat? - ANSWER-
3500
What are the effects of pre-exercise dehydration on thermoregulation and exercise
performance? - ANSWER-Dehydration > worse thermoregulation. Problems start as low
as 1% of body weight, strength, endurance, fine motor skills, mental performance.
Cramps and fatigue @ 4%, stroke and big problems at 6%
What are the effects of l-alanyl-l-glutamine supplementation on time-to-exhaustion and
dehydration stress? - ANSWER-Increased time to exhaustion under mild dehydration
stress
Compare fat and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise. Under what conditions does
one fuel source predominate over the other? - ANSWER-More intensity, shorter
duration > carbohydrate. Longer duration, lower intensity> fat. VLCKD can influence
preferred substrate
What effect does betaine supplementation have on exercise performance? - ANSWER-
Improves power, force and ability to sustain both
