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NURS3335 Perinatal Nursing Concepts. 
Summer 2024 
Module B Ayana Case Study
HDFS 3320 Final Exam Question & Worksheet 2024 with complete solution
What does the Central Nervous System include? - brain and spinal chord 
 
What does the Peripheral Nervous System include? - all nervous tissue outside the CNS 
 
One of the functions of the CNS is to interpret ____ information from the ____. - sensory, PNS 
 
The sensory information that comes in from the CNS is___. - Sensations 
 
One of the functions of the CNS is to send ____ commands to the ____ - motor, PNS 
 
The signals the CNS sends out produces____. - movement 
 
The CNS processes and ...
Frontal Bone - forehead 
 
Supraorbital Foramen - Eyebrow 
 
Parietal Bone - Side 
 
Occipital Bone - back of head 
 
Foramen Magnum - big hole on bottom of skull 
 
Jugular Foramen - Jelly bean like holes on both side of foramen magnum 
 
Hypoglossal Foramen - Small holes by the jugular foramen 
 
Occipital Condyle - Knuckle like structures on both sides of the foramen magnum 
 
Temporal Bone - Temple 
 
External acoustic (auditory) canal (meatus) - Ear 
 
Internal acoustic (auditory) canal (me...
Anatomy - Describes the structure of the body. 
 
Sturcture - Structure determines function 
 
Atoms - -the smallest chemical units 
-ex. hydrogen (H), oxygen(O) 
 
Molecules - - groups of molecules working together 
-Ex. Mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum 
 
Cells - Groups of organelles working together and surrounded by a cell membrane. 
 
Tissue - -group of cells working together to perform a SPECIFIC task. 
 
Microscopic Anatomy - Examines 
- Cells 
-Tissues 
 
Cytology- - Examines Cells...
5 special senses - olfaction, taste, vision, hearing, equilibrium and balance 
 
where is the olfactory pathway located? - on the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex 
 
what is the pathway of odor the olfactory cortex? - odor goes to the olfactory receptors, pass through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone, CN I synapses on neurons in olfactory bulbs, whose axons form olfactory tract, and then goes to the olfactory cortex 
 
gustatory (definition) - taste 
 
Where are taste receptors located? - de...
Frontal Bone - - bone that forms the forehead 
- superior to the eyes 
- most anterior bone on the skull 
 
supraorbital notch - - notch in the ridge of the eye socket 
 
Parietal Bone - - the most superior portion of the skull 
- found on either side of the skull 
 
Occipital Bone - - the most dorsal and inferior portion of the skull 
- back of head 
 
Foramen Magnum - - large hole located in the inferior portion of the skull 
- where spinal chord articulates with the brain 
 
Jugular Formen - ...
Root is to ____ as ganglion is to ___ - axons; cell bodies 
 
ventral is to ____ as dorsal is to _____ - motor; sensory 
 
white matter is to ____ as gray matter is to ____ - axons; cell bodies 
 
Spinal Meninges (three layers) - dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater 
 
Spinal Meninges functions - protect spinal cord and provide it with oxygen and nurtrients 
 
where is CSF - in subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater) 
 
CSF provides spinal cord with: - physical and chemical protec...
5 cranial senses - olfaction, taste, vision, hearing and equilibrium 
 
Olfactory pathway - odor-olfactory receptors-olfactory nerves-olfactory bulbs-olfactory tracts-olfactory cortex 
 
Gustatory Pathway - Taste buds are on the dorsal surface of the tongue 
taste-receptors- cranial nerves-medulla-gustatory cortex 
 
6 primary taste sensations - sweet 
salty 
bitter 
sour 
umami 
water 
 
Cranial Nerves - Facial nerve(CN VII)- anterior 2/3s on tongue 
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)- posterior 1/3 on ...
What does the Kidney do? - Produces Urine 
 
Functions of Kidney - 1. Excretion 
 -removal of wastes from body fluids into urine 
2. Regulation of Blood 
 -Ions 
 a. control blood Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium), 
 and Cl- (chloride) levels 
 -ph 
 a. control blood H+ (hydrogen) and HCO3- 
 (bicarbonate) levels 
 -Pressure and Volume 
 a. control blood fluid volume and therefore 
 blood pressure 
 
What three processes do the Kidneys use to perform their functions? - -Filtration of water, ions, ...