Ost 575 exam 3 - Study guides, Class notes & Summaries
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OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct Answers --> Hepatobiliary disorders I
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OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct 
Answers --> Hepatobiliary disorders I 
What is the process of cirrhosis? - answerinflammatory cells damage parenchyma--> 
parenchyma begins to collapse--> 
new collagen laid down, leads to scarring--> 
scar will bridge portal regions and central vein regions *leading to fibrosis/cirrhosis* 
What is the gross anatomy of someone with liver cirrhosis? - answerliver is smaller in weight 
distinct nodules are usually present 
texture is very firm 
...
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OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct Answers --> Understanding LFTs
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OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct 
Answers --> Understanding LFTs 
What are the enzyme tests for liver damage? - answerTransaminase (AST, ALT) 
Alkaline phosphatase 
gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) 
What lab levels are tested to determine how well the liver is functioning? - answerAlbumin 
Prothrombin time 
What can also be tested to detect if there is liver damage that is NOT an enzyme and can be 
detected based on physical presentation? - answerbilirubin 
What are some general sym...
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OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct Answers --> Pancreatitis
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OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct 
Answers --> Pancreatitis 
What is pancreatitis? - answeran inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable 
involvement of regional tissues or remote organ systems 
Why is incidence of pancreatitis in the US rising? - answerdue to biliary pancreatitis 
*obesity* 
What are the 3 criteria for diagnosis of pancreatitis? - answerSymptoms such as epigastric pain 
consistent with disease 
Serum amylase or lipase greater than 3x upper limits of normal 
Rad...
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OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct Answers --> Pancreatic Cancer
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OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct 
Answers --> Pancreatic Cancer 
What is the prognosis of pancreatic cancer? - answerPOOR with overall 5 year survival of 5% 
What are the different parts of the pancreas? - answer 
What age does pancreatic cancer usually start to occur? - answerafter 45 yrs old (rare before) 
What race is pancreatic cancer more common in? - answerafrican americans 
What are the groups at risk for pancreatic cancer? - answerHistory of hereditary pancreatitis 
familial hi...
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OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct Answers --> Cirrhosis.
- Exam (elaborations) • 4 pages • 2024
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OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct 
Answers --> Cirrhosis. 
Distortion of the hepatic vasculature causing shunting of portal and arterial blood supply directly 
into hepatic outflow (central veins) and the compromise of exchange between hepatic sinusoids 
and the adjacent liver parenchyma (i.e hepatocytes) is characteristic of what liver disorder? - 
answerLiver cirrhosis 
What are the clinical consequences of liver cirrhosis? - answerimpaired *hepatocyte* function 
increased intrahepati...
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OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct Answers --> Liver Cancer.
- Exam (elaborations) • 3 pages • 2024
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OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct 
Answers --> Liver Cancer. 
Where is primary cancer of the liver common? Who is it common in? - answerCommon in 
Asia and Africa 
*common in males* 
What are some chemicals that can cause primary cancer of the liver? - answeraflatoxin 
exogenous hormones 
methotrexate 
What are common causes of cirrhosis (that eventually will cause hepatocellular carcinoma)? - 
answerHemachromatosis 
Hepatitis B (*Asia, Africa*) 
Alcoholic 
Parasitic (Schistosomiasis) 
...
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OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct Answers --> Hepatobiliary Disorders II
- Exam (elaborations) • 7 pages • 2024
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OST 575 - Exam #3 Questions And Correct 
Answers --> Hepatobiliary Disorders II 
What is the blood supply of the liver? - answer*dual blood supply* from hepatic artery and 
portal vein 
What is the common reaction pattern that occurs when the biliary system undergoes dysfunction 
for any reason, causing buildup of bile and bile pigments? - answercholestasis 
What are some mechanisms that can cause cholestasis? - answerdecreased or defective bile 
secretion 
obstruction of bile channels, eithe...
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OST 575 - Exam #1 Questions And Correct Answers
- Exam (elaborations) • 48 pages • 2024
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OST 575 - Exam #1 Questions And Correct 
Answers 
Where does the esophagus reside before piercing the diaphragm and joining the stomach at the 
cardioesophageal junction? - answerposterior mediastinum 
What separates the thoracic and abdominal part of the esophagus? - answerdiaphragm 
What does the esophagus lie anterior to? posterior to? - answerANTERIOR - prevertebral 
fascia 
POSTERIOR - trachea 
What are the 3 restriction spots of the esophagus? - answer#1 = cricopharyngeus muscle 
#2 = arch...
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OST 575 - Exam #3 --> Liver Function tests. Questions And Correct Answers
- Exam (elaborations) • 3 pages • 2024
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OST 575 - Exam #3 --> Liver Function tests. 
Questions And Correct Answers 
What are the players that can be tested to assess liver function? - answeraminotransferases 
serum proteins (ALBUMIN) 
Bilirubins 
Blood clotting factors 
alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 
What is the function of an aminotransferase enzyme in the liver? - answercatalyzes the transfer 
of NH2 group from a *donor alpha amino acid* to an *acceptor KETO ACID* 
What is the reason for having aminotrans...
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OST 575 - Exam #2 Questions And Correct Answers --> Parasites 1&2
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OST 575 - Exam #2 Questions And Correct 
Answers --> Parasites 1&2 
What is the key symptom of a giardiasis (giardia intestinalis) infection? - answerBorborygmi 
What is the infectious form of Giardia that is usually ingested in contaminated water? What is 
the infectious dose of Giardia? - answerCysts 
*infectious dose is SMALL < 10 cysts* 
What is the replicating form of Giardia that "graze" on proximal small intestine, as commensals, 
and reproduce by binary fission? - answerTroph...
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