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NYSTCE EAS Study Guide Exam 2023 Universal Design for Learning (UDL) - ANS--Gives students an equal opportunity to succeed. -An educational framework offering flexibility in ways students access material, engage with it, and show what they know. -3 principles: Engagement, Representation, Action & Expression NYSTCE ESOL CST (116) Words And Their

Behaviorism - ANS-people's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid punishments. Reinforcement - ANS-meant to increase a good behavior; a reward Punishment - ANS-meant to decrease bad behavior Positive reinforcement - ANS-involves giving someone something that he or she wants Negative reinforcement - ANS-taking away something that someone does not want Positive punishment - ANS-involves giving someone something that he or she does not want Negative punishment - ANS-involves t...

NYSTCE Biology Part 1- Foundations of Scientific Inquiry Exam 2023 Process of formulating and testing a hypothesis - ANS-1. choose a problem 2. make observations 3. make a prediction (hypothesis! if/then, must be testable) 4. design experiment (controls, ind. variable, dep. variable) 5. perform experiment (collect data, multiple trials) quantitative vs. qualitative observations - ANS-quantitative: objective - uses numbers and measurements qualitative: subjective - uses the senses (sig...

NYSTCE BIOLOGY PART 2- CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM 2023surface tension - ANS-A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid; water has high surface tension due to cohesion between water molecules from the hydrogen bonds between the molecules capillary action - ANS-tendency of water to rise in a thin tube due to adhesion and cohesion solvency - ANS-ability to dissolve other chemicals; water is the universal solvent due to polarity response to freezing -...

Phonics - ANS-A method of teaching students to read by correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters in an alphabetic writing system. Children are taught, for example, that the letter n represents the sound /n/, and that it is the first letter in words such as nose, nice and new. Phonological Processing - ANS-The use of phonemes to process spoken and written language. The broad category of phonological processing includes phonological awareness, phonological working memory, and...

NYSTCE Multi-Subject CST- Part 3, Arts & Sciences (Test Review 2023) Altimeter - ANS-An instrument that uses air pressure to record height, such as the height of an airplane. Anemometer - ANS-An instrument to measure wind speed. Angiosperm - ANS-A group of plants that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary, which may mature into a fruit. Annuals - ANS-Plants that die after one growing season. Asexual Reproduction - ANS-Reproduction involving ONE parent only. Atmosphere - ANS-The Eart...

NYSTCE Multi-Subject CST ELA (2023) Prereading - ANS-All knowledge, skills and experience that come before conventional literacy. Students gain oral vocabulary, learn sentence structure, develop phonological awareness Running record - ANS-An assessment which measures a child' fluency during oral reading Balanced Literacy Models - ANS-strategies teachers use to allow for different learning styles Phonological awareness - ANS-an awareness of an the ability to manipulate the sounds o...

NYSTCE Early Childhood CST Part 1 2023 Phoneme - ANS-the smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning of words, represented by letters between slash marks Grapheme - ANS-the smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word, may be one letter (ex: "b") or several letters (ex: "sh") Phonics - ANS-the fairly predictable relationship between phonemes and graphemes. Phonemic Awareness - ANS-ability to hear, identify, and man...

NYSTCE CST 245 Arts and Science Exam 2023 Seasonal changes - ANS-moon orbits earth once per month Yearly Changes - ANS-earth orbits around the moon one time per year physical change - ANS-A change in a substance that does not change its identity chemical change - ANS-charastics change in state or phase transformation of energy examples - ANS-Chemical Energy is converted to Electrical Energy (stove), Kinetic Energy (car), Electricity (power plant), and Mechanical Energy (space shuttle)....

NYSTCE ESOL CST (116) Words And Their Meaning Intonation - ANS-the way the voice rises and falls in speech morpheme - ANS-the smallest unit of meaning in a language Abraham Maslow - ANS-developed hierarchy of needs, which theorized to be the unconscious desires that motivate people subordinating conjunction - ANS-joins a dependent clause to an independent clause to which it is related voiceless sounds - ANS-sounds made without vibrating the vocal cords Howard Gardner - ANS-created the...