Exam (elaborations)
NURS 5462 HEADACHE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
NURS 5462 HEADACHE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
[Show more]
Content preview
NURS 5462 HEADACHE QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS
•6Primary6headache6-6ans--
common6and6is6not6a6symptom6of6another6medical6condition6•6Migraine6•6Tension-
type6•6Cluster
Secondary6Headache6-6ans--specific6etiologies-and6sx6depend6on6these6pathologies
Gender6differences6-6ans--migraine/tension/Giant6Cell6Arteritis-
more6common6in6women.6Cluster6more6common6in6men
Onset6over6506-6ans--
or6worsening6headache6check6for6underlying6neurological6disease,617%6of6older6adults6r
eport6frequent6headche
Headache6Needing6Investigation6-6ans--
•6Sudden6onset6of6new,6severe6headache6•6Progressively6getting6worse6•6After6exertion,6
straining,6coughing,6or6sex-suggests6inc6ICP-needs6CT6•6With6associated6symptoms6-
6"worst6headache6I6have6ever6had"6•6First6headache6occurring6after6the6age6of6506years
Cortical6Spreading6Depression6-6ans--
•6Basis6of6the6migraine6aura6•6Cortical6neuronal6activity6followed6by6a6postictal6depressio
n6of6neuronal6firing6•6CSD6can6trigger6meningeal6pain6mechanisms6via6neurogenic6infla
mmation,6vasodilation6and6plasma6extravasation6•6Blood6barrier6is6activated—
which6may6explain6some6of6the6pain6•6Glutamatergic6synapses6in6the6cortex6are6activate
d
Brain6Stem6Generator6-6ans--
•6Meningeal6pain6mechanisms6are6activated6through6the6trigeminovascular6pathways6•6T
his6causes6release6of6inflammatory6cytokines,6neuroinflammatory6peptides6and6calcitoni
n6gene-related6peptide—
this6hormone6causes6the6vasodilation6•6Peripheral6nociceptors6are6activated—
this6mechanism6is6referred6to6as6peripheral6sensitization6•6When6the6trigeminal6nucleus6
caudalis6and6rostral6brain6structures6are6activated—it6is6known6as6central6sensitization
Clinical6Presentation:6Migraine6-6ans--
•6Migraine6without6aura6•6Common6migraine6•6Most6common6headache6•6One6sided6hea
, dache6•6Pounding/throbbing6•6Moderate6to6severe6intensity6•6Lasts64-
246hours,6May6be6associated6with6nausea,6vomiting,6sensitivity6to6light6or6sound
Clinical6Presentation:6Migraine6(aura)6-6ans--
•6Aura6usually6occurs6before6onset6of6headache6•6Auras6usually6last6seconds,6but6can6la
st6up6to620",6patient6then6gets6headache6•6"Fortification6spectrum"6occurs6in610%6[Jagge
d6lines6similar6to6stone6fortifications6around6a6fort],6•6Visual6auras6can6be6spots,6shimmer
ing6bright6lights6or6visual6loss6[scotomas]6•6Sensory6auras6include6tingling,6numbness6of6
fingers,6motor6disturbances6such6as6hemiparesis6or6monoparesis6and6cognitive6disorder
s
"prodrome"6to6a6migraine6-6ans--
•6Increased6irritability,6decreased6energy,6food6cravings6•6A6signal6that6a6headache6is6co
ming6and6may6allow6patient6to6use6methods6to6abort6the6headache
IHS6Criteria6for6Migraine6without6Aura6-6ans--
A6At6least656attacks6fulfilling6criteria6B6through6D6B6Headache6lasting64-
726hrs.6[treated6or6untreated]6C6Headache6has6at6least626of6the6following:6Unilateral6locat
ion6Pulsating6quality6Moderate6to6severe6intensity6Worse6with6walking6stairs6or6physical6
activity6D6During6headache,6at6least6one6of6the6following:6Nausea,6vomiting6[or6both]6Pho
tophobia6and/or6phonophobia6E6No6evidence6of6related6organic6disease
IHS6Criteria6for6Migraine6with6Aura6-6ans--
A6At6least626attacks6fulfilling6criterion6B:6B6At6least636of6the6following6characteristics:6One6
or6more6fully6reversible6aura6symptoms6At6least616aura6symptom6develops6gradually6ove
r6>4"6or626or6more6symptoms6occur6in6succession6No6single6aura6symptoms6lasts6>60"6H
eadache6follows6aura6with6a6free6interval6of6<60"6C6No6evidence6of6a6secondary6cause
*MgSO46[with6aura]61-26grams6IV
Clinical6Presentation:6Tension-Type6Headache6-6ans--
•6Feeling6like6a6tight6band6is6around6head6•6Nausea/
vomiting6are6not6present6•6Mild6to6moderate6intensity6•6Can6last6minutes6to6hours6•6Not6in
creased6with6physical6activity,6present6most6of6the6day6and6may6start6after6patient6wakes
6up6[Does6not6wake6patient6at6night],6stress6is6common6trigger,6most6common6in6older6ad
ult6and6Gen6pop-78%6incidence
•6Chronic6tension-type6headache6-6ans--similar,6but6occurs6more6than6156days6a6month
IHS6Criteria6for6Tension-Type6Headache6-6ans--
Criteria6A6At6least6106previous6headaches6fulfilling6criteria6B6through6D6B6Headache6last
s630"6to676days6C6At6least626of6the6following:6Pressing/
tightening6[nonpulsating]6quality6Mild6to6moderate6intensity6Bilateral6No6aggravation6by6w
alking6stairs6or6other6physical6activity6D6Both6of6the6following:6Absence6of6nausea6and6vo
miting6Absence6of6photophobia6and6phonophobia
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller AGRADEPROMASTER. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
80796 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now