Biology 102 Chapter 3:
This chapter covers the chemistry behind life, including the structure of atoms and how molecules form through ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds. It highlights the four major biomolecules—proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids—and their roles in living orga...
Biology 102: Learn Before Lecture #1
Q1. Add the 3 components of an atom to this table and fill in their attributes.
Component Charge Position in the atom
1. Proton Positive (+) In the nucleus
2. Neutron Neutral (0) In the nucleus
3. Electron Negative (-) Orbiting around the nucleus
Q2. Which component from above has the least mass? Electron
Q3. Which component from above is different between isotopes of the same element?
Neutrons
Q4. What is a molecule?
A molecule forms when two or more atoms come together and are bonded by
various types of bonds (such as ionic, covalent, or hydrogen bonds).
Q5. Organic molecules must contain at least one atom of Carbon .
Q6. List the 3 different types of chemical bonds.
1. Ionic bonds
2. Covalent bonds
3. Hydrogen bonds
Q7. Which of the three atom components from Q1 is involved in chemical bonding?
Electrons
Q8. How many protons does a nitrogen atom have? 7
Q9. In the methane molecule, how many electrons are being shared between the
carbon atom and one of the hydrogen atoms?
2 electrons
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, Biology 102 Chapter 3 - Chemistry: The Basics
Chemistry of Life
Living things are composed of matter and function by countless chemical reactions.
Matter
Anything that takes up space and has a mass
● Matter is made out of elements - substances that can't be broken down into other
substances by chemical reactions.
● Some matter is composed of multiple elements
○ Compounds have characteristics different from their elements.
About 25 of 94 natural elements are essential to life. 96% of living matter is composed of:
● Hydrogen (H)
● Oxygen (O)
● Nitrogen (N)
● Carbon (C)
Atoms
The smallest unit of an element
An element's properties depend on the structure of its atoms.
Atomic number: number of protons
Atomic mass: number of protons + number of neutrons
Subtonic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons
An element is defined by the number of protons in its atoms.
Isotopes
All atoms of an element have the same number of
protons but may differ in number of neutrons.
Isotopes are two atoms of an element that differ
in # of neutrons.
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