PNB 2XB3 EXAM PACKAGE DEAL WITH PASSED SOLUTIONS, SCORED A+

Higher pitch = - ️️higher frequency - but perception depends on the environment Wavelength - ️️the distance b/w two peaks/an up-down cycle Middle ear - ️️everything inside the tympanic membrane and before the oval window LSO - ️️- monitors intensity differences for high-frequency...

Frontal Lobe - ️️front of the brain; reasoning, motor skills, higher level cognition, and expressive language; at the back of the frontal lobe, near the central sulcus, lies the motor cortex(receives information from various lobes of the brain and utilizes this information to carry out body ...

For an on-center ganglion cell, what causes it to maximally fire? - ️️light in the center and darkness in the surround superchiasmatic nucleus - ️️part of the hypothalamus, which regulates circadian rhythms - some axons from the retina go here explain the retinotopic/visuotopic map of th...

DCML - 1) mechanosensory receptors send info to fibers in gracile & cuneate pathways 2) fibers travel to caudal medulla, synapse at dorsal column nucleus (and switch sides) 3) exit DCN as arcuate fibers, cross the midline to form medial lemniscus carries through pons, midbrain, brainstem 4) syna...

What are the semicircular canals filled with? - ️️endolymph what is the advantage of having high spontaneous firing rate even in the absence of tilt in the hair cells of the vestibular system? - ️️tilting in the direction opposite to the direction which causes maximal firing rate causes h...

Nissl Stain - ️️Nissl used basic died to stain the endoplasmic reticulum (RNA), thereby revealing cell bodies. Using the nissl stain, Brodmann found that different areas of the cerebral cortex had distinct cytoarchitectonic appearances. He identified 52 cortical areas, now called Broadmann's...

Benefits of Adaption in touch sensations - ️️1) Helps us to ignore constant, innocuous stimuli, reducing distraction 2) Helps to avoid saturation of neuronal firing rates, allowing us to detect changes in stimulus intensity over a larger ranger of intensities. Merkel Cells and Mechanotransdu...

Coronal: - ️️lane of section that is parallel to the face, how you put on a crown, divides head to anterior (front) and posterior (back) Difference between MS and Guillain Barre? - ️️Question Multiple Sclerosis Guillain Barre What myelin it attacks CNS PNS Can you have a full recovery N...

RAPID-adapting mechanoreceptors - ️️Meissner and Pacinian (dynamic phase QUICKLY becomes static phase) dorsal root ganglion (DRG) - ️️(part of the PNS) cluster of cell bodies in the dorsal root of a spinal nerve (when the action potential reaches the DRG, it splits into 2 - one travels t...

sodium potassium pump - ️️enzyme that transports 3 sodium to the outside, and it transports 2 potassium to the inside using the hydrolysis of ATP - creates more sodium outside and more potassium inside and creates a concentration gradient Midline, ipsilateral and contrelateral - ️️line se...

Astrocytes - ️️glial, maintain ionic environment Lumbar - ️️hips and legs Tetrodoxin (TTX) - ️️- found in puffer fish ovaries - one could kill 30 adult humans - causes death via paralysis of respiratory muscles - fish has TTX resistant Na channels - irreversibly blocks channel Der...