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Bio 1A03 - Test 2 - T2M2 to T3M2 Study Notes CA$15.22   Add to cart
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Bio 1A03 - Test 2 - T2M2 to T3M2 Study Notes

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This package contains the module and lecture notes for T2M2 to T3M2. This includes photos, explanations, and a point-by-point analysis of all the topics required for test 2. Some of the topics covered: From genome to proteome Positive Regulation of Lac Operon The repressor protein Anticodon ...

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  • February 25, 2023
  • 25
  • 2022/2023
  • Class notes
  • Dr kajura
  • All classes

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T2M2

● The Genetic Code

○ Proteins are made from 20 Nucleotides

● Defining a Codon

○ Glasow stated that the Nucleotides must be in 3 base codes

■ Multiple unique triplets would code for the same Amino Acid

● Deciphering the Code

○ Researchers took simple mRNA proteins and saw what they coded for

○ Marshall Nerenberg and Johann Mattaei

■ All the components they believed were necessary for Protein synthesis

into tubes

● RNA Template, nucleotides, Ribosomes, Amino acids, and an

energy source

■ Started by making a simple Nucleic acid made of Uracils

● Produced a repeating simple polypeptide sequence - identical

amino acids

○ Created Phenylalanine

■ Follow up research used alternating Uracil and Cytosines




●

● Always resulted in a string of Leucine and Serine

● Confirmed 3 nucleotides result in a Codon

● The standard code

○ Codons are written 5’ to 3’ position

, ■ Codons on the coding strand = non-template strand

■ Non template strand has the same Nucleotides as the mRNA

○ Only AUG (Methionine) starts

○ UAA, UAG, and UGA = Stop

■ Translation stop Codons

○ Complementary = Antiparallel RNA

○ RNA Polymerase copies DNA template strand

■ Template Strand = Non-coding

■ Non template Strand = Coding strand

■ Open Reading frame = From AUG to one of the end Codons

○ Crick and shit

■ Proved that a sequence was written with 3 nucleotides

■ A single addition of a nucleotide = the code was misread

● Frameshift Mutations

■ 3 nucleotides removed or added = no Frameshift

● Most of the polypeptide conserved

● RNA

○ tRNA act as the intermediary between the mRNA and the polypeptide

■ Translators between the two codes

■ rRNA - machinery that facilitates this process

○ RNA molecules can serve as catalytic molecules

■ Some type of ancestral RNA was the precursor to current life

■ Needs further evidence

T2M3

, ●

○ tRNA

■ tRNA transfers cytoplasmically situated amino acids to a growing

polypeptide strand in a Ribosome

■ Each tRNA contains

● Single RNA strand

● 70-90 nucleotide length

● A lot of complementarity along the tRNA

○ Many structures have hydrogen bonds

○ Makes the helical segments and 3 loops




○

○ Anticodon region:

■ Nucleotide triplet that forms complementary

base pairs with a mRNA codon

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