100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Summary Applications of aqueous equilibria CA$6.47   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. UofT
  4.  
  5. Chemistry
  6.  
  7. Principles of Chemistry

Summary

Summary Applications of aqueous equilibria
 43 views  1 purchase

Summary of 8th chapter from Chemical Principles: Zumdahl and Decoste. Notes containing key concepts from the chapter and thorough explanations of the terminology. Also includes formulas and relevant course-related information.

Preview 2 out of 9  pages

Document information

  • No
  • Chapter 8
  • July 19, 2019
  • 9
  • 2018/2019
  • Summary

Subjects

Connected book

book image

Book Title:

Author(s):

  • Edition:
  • ISBN:
  • Edition:

More summaries for

All for this textbook (11)

Written for

All documents for this subject (10)

Seller

avatar-seller
robertsapiola

Reviews received

Content preview

Applications of Aqueous
equilibria
8.1 Solutions of Acids or Bases containing a common ion.

 The common ion is one that is being produced by a salt and an acid/base at the
same time within a solution.
 Common ion effect consists of creating stress in a reaction and changing the
equilibrium position thru the production of an ion that is product in 2 different
reactions. Such that the product from first reaction causes the second reaction to
tend backward (which has the same product), Lé Châtelier’s principle.
 Common ion effect also affects polyprotic dissociation.

8.2 Buffered Solutions

 A buffered solution is one that resists a change in pH even when either hydroxide
ions or protons are added.
 Blood is an example of a buffered solution.
 A buffered solution contains a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt.




 Ka = [H+] [A-]/[HA]
 -log[H+] = -log (Ka) – log ([HA]/[A-])  Henderson Hasselbalch equation
 In buffer solutions, the pH depends upon the ratio of [HA]/[A -].
 When H+ is added to buffered solutions, it reacts essentially with weak base present.
 When OH- is added to a buffered solution, it reacts essentially with the weak acid
present.

8.3 Exact treatment of buffered solutions

, 8.4 Buffer capacity

 Buffer capacity of a buffer solution is defined as the number of protons or hydroxide
it can absorb without significant change in pH.
 The capacity of a buffer solution is determined by the magnitudes of [A -] and [HA]
 The closer the ratio of [A-] and [HA], the higher the buffering capacity of a solution.
 The pKa for the weak acid selected must be as close to the desired pH.

8.5 Titration and pH curves

 Progress of an acid-base titration is monitored by plotting pH of the solution being
analyzed as a function of amount of titrant added; such function is called a pH curve.
 Millimole is the unit used for titration calculations, equivalent to 1mol/1000
 Molarity = millimole of solute/ mL of solution
 For titration of strong acids with strong bases:
- Identify the amount of base that has reacted with H+ to produce H2O
- The remaining H+ will determine the pH.
- In case there is no more H+ and there exists an excess of OH- find the pH from
pOH or [H+] [OH-]




 In performing reactions between weak acids and strong bases, it is important to
remember that even though the acid is weak, it reacts essentially to completion with
hydroxide ion, a very strong base.




 For titration of weak acids with strong bases:
- Identify the amount of acid that has reacted with OH- to produce H2O, through
stoichiometry.
- The remaining acid will dissociate and produce H+, which will be used to find pH.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller robertsapiola. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$6.47. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
CA$6.47  1x  sold
  • (0)
  Add to cart