Class notes

PSYC306A Animal Psychology notes

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Course
PSYC 306A (PSYC306A)

Institution
University Of British Columbia (UBC )

Book
Animal Behavior

Comprehensive notes of UBC course PSYC306A. Notes include topics: Evolution and natural selection, Scientific method (mobbing in Gulls), Levels of analysis (birdsongs), Spatial learning, Development of behavior, Interactive theory of development and the Role of genes (honeybees), Developmental home...

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Uploaded on August 5, 2024
Number of pages 24
Written in 2020/2021
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Dr. desiree seib
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,•
Evolution and Natural Selection : Sept 15,2020
Human
beings developed from earlier species of animals
-

.

if i
Evolution by natural selection happen
°
can

① Variation members i
of a
species differ in some of their characteristics .
( ex .

ladybug color patterns)
② Hereditary -
.
parents are able to pass on some of their distinctive characteristics to their
offspring
③ Differences in reproductive success
-

. some individuals have more surviving offspring than others in the

population , due to distinctive characteristics .

Natural selection
•
i

act primarily individuals
-

on .

-

group selection is rare ( species , group , population)
-

traits are not present for the good of the species i
① Social pathology hypothesis
-

. infanticide is

↳ ex .
infanticide by male langur monkeys abnormal pathological response to overcrowding
,

in areas where they are fed by humans . Non -
erol .

-
males fight to monopolize reproduction
with the females .

-

it the dominant male of the
group is replaced , ② Population regulation hypothesis infanticide prevents :
the dominant male will spend much of its
new

time and energy
trying to kill the infants of the langur group from becoming too big Evolutionary .

group
group selection
.

.

-

females often join forces to fight and defend infants .

Scientific Method i ③ Quicker reproduction
hypothesis infanticide
° -

. boosts

①Observation ② Question →
→ ③ Hypothesis → ⑨ Prediction reproductive success of new dominant male . When
t lactating infant is killed its mother
, might resume
⑥ Theory ←
⑤ Test
her reproductive cycle sooner and thus become

3
ways to study animal behavior
• -

impregnated sooner by the new dominant male
.
.

① Observational method observe e record w/o manipulation Evolutionary
:
individual selection
.
.
-

② Experimental method manipulate IV ↳ Mobbing in Gulls :
:
.

③ Comparative method -

.
compare results ① Observation aggressive :
behavior during nesting season .

→
ancestral species ② Question : does aggressive behavior inc .
reproductive success
→ extant currents species ③ Hypothesis : predator distraction hypothesis i distract
physiological predators to increase survival offspring
④ anatomical , ,

behavioral but mostly DNA . ⑨ Prediction egg hunting -

.
-
crows prey on
eggs .

⑤ Experimental test i manipulate 2 variable
↳ placed chicken eggs near nest .

egg inside colony attack on
-

→ crow .

, Sept It , 2020
°
Levels of Analysis : the cause of
any behavior
°

Birdsong si
p for mating
"
can be understood at 4 levels of analysis ( unlearned ) but
"

all birds have calls only song
-
. -

birds learn true
" "

songs
① Ultimate : phylogeny
.

and function
song dialects
.

↳ diff regions → diff .

② Proximate development
-

. and immediate causation -

④ White crowned sparrow
-

.

birds from diff have diff
regions sequences
-

.

a
Proximate :D diff regions → diff genetics
② environmental influence
o isolation experiment i -
collected eggs ( males )
-
raised in soundproof chambers .

④ 150 days strange songs but i

similar to normal .

i
-
need environment to learn .

-

played tape of dialect from
diff region → can 't learn other
species song from tape .
I only live)

② ③ ⑨ ④ old birds didn't learn .

•
can learn songs of own and diff dialect b/w 10-50
days
but not of a diff species ( but once learned own song ,
.

°
What causes animal behavior ? they can learn tones of diff
species I
10 50 days learn and encode 150 days
sings 200A sing full song
° -

: →
- -

. .

'

④ WCSP males could learn live strawberry finches (other species)
song if interacted visually and vocally .
( tutored i can learn
other species song even after 50 day period)
e
In the wild some adult WPCS males will change
.
song slightly
to match WPCS neighbors .

. What causes prairie voles to be monogamous ?
④ Proximate cause
-

.

④ fnaeIw
votes
monogamous (normal )
→
non -

more

vasopressin ( Via )
R
male voles : receptors for bonding
-

T
-

monogamous : high in ventral pallidum
-
non -

monogamous i high in lateral septum y
less

bonding
② Development
-

.

DNA elements that affect
genetics : regulatory
-

receptor
expression
④ Ultimate
.

cause :

③ Phylogeny evolutionary change
:

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