Class notes
Chapter 11 and 12 notes
- Course
- Psyc 2301 (PSYC2301)
- Institution
- Carleton University (CU )
class notes for chapters 11 and 12
[Show more]
Content preview
Lecture4 major chronic disorders include
● Heart disease (CVD)
● Stroke (CVD)
● Hypertension
● Diabetes (both types)
Comorbidity: things that typically happen together (diabetes and obesity for ex.)
All of the above chronic disorders:
● Involve the circulatory and or metabolic system
● May be comorbid disorders
● Have modifiable risk factors
● Non-communicable (non exchangeable w bodily fluids) diseases
What is coronary heart disease?
● Number two cause of mortality in canada
● Accounts for one out of five deaths in 2007
● Disease of modernization (diet/activity level)
○ CHD deaths:
■ 20% men
■ 22% women
● Mostly premature deaths (<75 y/o)
● Major chronic disease (living with the disease)
● Caused by atherosclerosis (narroseing for the coronary arteries
● Lowers O2 supply to heart
● Temporary shortages causes angina pectoris
● Severe deprivation causes myocardial infarction
● CHD is mediated by an inflammatory process
● Proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 is involved
● IL-6 stimulates a process that causes atherosclerotic plaques
● Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the bloodstream is a strong predictor of CDH
● Causes or indicator?
● CRP is produced in the liver and released in the bloodstream
● Weight gain and low physical activity cause elevated CRP levels
● CHD is considered to be a systemic disease due to an inflammatory process
● Other risk factors for CHD include: high blood pressure, diabetes, cigarette
smoking, obesity, high serum cholesterol, low physics. Activity
● Metabolic syndrome: when an individual has 3 or more of the following:
○ Obesity centered around the waist
○ High blood pressure
○ Low levels of HDL
○ Difficulty metabolizing blood sugar (pre-diabetes)
○ High levels of triglycerides
● CHD has a genetic link (family history)
● Worsened by lower socio-economic status
, ● Certain risk factors still remain unidentified
Stress and CHD
● Cardiovascular reactivity contributes to CHD by:
○ Damaging endothelial cells
○ This facilitates the deposit of lipids
○ Increases inflammation
○ Development of atherosclerosis lesions
● Acute stress can cause angina/heart attack:
○ Emotional stress
○ Anger
○ Extreme excitement
○ Negative emotions
○ Sudden bursts of activity
● Reactivity or coping to stress with hostility increases risk factors (ex: increasing
cholesterol levels)
● Daily life stressors, work related stress, modernization and low levels of control
contribute to CHD
Prime candidate
● CHD is more common with: socio-economic status, males
● Linked with:
○ Higher rates of physical inactivity
○ Smoking
○ Elevated cholesterol
○ Being overweight
Why do we eat too much?
● Personal food consumption has increased:
○ Serving size
○ Food access
○ Social context
○ Stress
Women and CHD
● CHD is a leading cause of morality in women
● Less is known about CHD in women
● Occurs later in life
● For women but recovery rates are lower
● Fewer women are referred to cardiologist
● Fewer women return to work after a heart attack
● Younger women are protected via higher levels of HDL
● Estrogen diminiges sympathetic NS arousal
● After menopause CHD increases because of:
○ Weight gain
○ Increased blood pressure
○ Increased cholesterol triglycerides
● HRT does not reverse effects?
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller JamieMongeon. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for CA$10.85. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77988 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now