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Class notes

ANTH1150 - Lecture 10 notes

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In-depth class notes of lecture 10, includes highlighted sections that were included a lot on the exam

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  • February 2, 2021
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Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Chapter 10 - Language


Language and Culture

- Language: the system of arbitrary vocal symbols we use to encode our experiences
of the world

• A bio cultural phenomenon
• Provides basic tools for diverse forms of creativity and communication


Anthropological Interest in Language
- Four reasons that anthropologists are interested in language:
1. Fieldwork proceeds through oral communication

2. Language is the best tool anthropologists have to access informants’ perceptions
and interpretations

3. Grammatical and conceptual complexities provide insights into a culture

4. Applied anthropologists work to support and maintain the diverse languages
spoken in the world



- Native speakers of a language share not just vocabulary and grammar but also a
number of assumptions about how to use the language



- Language has several forms
• Spoken word
• Non-spoken (Morse code, gestures, writing)
• Human communication(transfer of information)
- Computer Language
• Digital transmission of complex ideas and instructions.

1

, Tuesday, November 12, 2019
• Growth of computer coding
• Binary system



Talking about experience
- Language is a product of our attempt to come to terms with experience
- Di erent languages have developed to be more or less complex in di erent ways
• E.g., some have more complex (or less complex) sentence structures than others
have
- Speech communities are languages speci cally associated with groups of people


Non-verbal communication
- It can be culturally speci c
- It interacts with verbal language and used to complement, accent, contradict, repeat,
substitute, and/or regulate

• E.g.,sign language, gestures, facial expressions, physical appearance, clothing,
hairstyle, etc.



Pidgin Languages: Negotiated Meaning

- Pidgin: a language with nonnative speakers that develops in a single generation
between members of communities that possess distinct native languages

• Its shape depends on the context in which it arises (e.g., colonial conquests,
commercial exchanges)

- Creole: pidgin language that has been passed down through generations


Code Switching
- Switching back and forth between one linguistic variant and another depending on
the cultural context.


2


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