PHR 911 TESTS COMPILATION BUNDLE

Which one of the four classes of biologically important molecules does insulin belong to? a. carbohydrates b. proteins c. nucleic acids d. lipids correct answer: b. proteins Which of the following is true? a. the amino acid may be any of the nonpolar, aliphatic amino acids b. the first pK...

Cell Cycle correct answer: How the cell replicates its DNA when it needs to -pathway that allows us to grow What does a cell have to decide post mitosis? correct answer: If it wants to enter cell cycle or not What happens if the cell cycle production is not efficient? correct answer: Mutat...

Once a drug reaches its target it must (blank 1) the target and vice versa and then (blank 2) to begin the process of producing the desired biological effect correct answer: Blank 1: recognize Blank 2: bind Chemical structure on drug action correct answer: drug structure, ionization, lipophil...

Which of the following is within the category of nitrogen-containing compounds discussed in class? correct answer: Purines Polar lipids: correct answer: Contain a hydrophilic head group linked to a diacylated glycerol or sphingosine backbone. Which of the following are possible functions of ...

What are the essential steps of a signaling cascade? correct answer: Signal, receptor, outcome What is a cascading signal pathway? correct answer: One signaling molecule elicits responses in multiple regions What genes exist at each checkpoint in the cell cycle? correct answer: Tumor supres...

Competitive Antagonists correct answer: Compete with neurotransmitters for access to orthosteric binding sites on receptors *block responses to agonists How do competitive antagonists affect DRC? correct answer: Cause a rightward shift How do you reverse the effects of a antagonists? corr...

ADME correct answer: Absorption Distribution Metabolism Elimination When a drug is absorbed, it can be one of 2 things correct answer: 1. Free drug (unbound, active and can readily cross cell membranes) 2. Protein-bound (usually inactive) Binding of drugs to receptors correct answer: No...

The purpose of phase 1 was to produce metabolites with functional groups or ________ _____________ correct answer: chemical handles The purpose of phase 2 is to introduce glucuronic acid, sulfate ions, acetyl groups, amino acids, or methyl groups with the goal of generating a hydrophilic conjuga...

Define essential steps of the signaling cascade correct answer: Signal Receptor Signaling molecule (can send a second messenger) Shorter and Longer effects Three types of signals correct answer: paracrine, autocrine, endocrine Phases of eukaryotic cell cycle and their duration correct ans...

fate of drugs correct answer: Absorption Distribution Metabolism Elimination pharmacokinetics correct answer: what the body does to the drug pharmacodynamics correct answer: what the drug does to the body what happens during pharmacokinetics (metabolism) correct answer: -enzymes conv...

Pharmacokinetics correct answer: What the body does to the drug Pharmacodynamics correct answer: What the drug does to the body ADME correct answer: Absoprtion-Distribution-Metabolism-Elimination Xenobiotics correct answer: Comprise the set of all chemicals not normally found in humans ...

competitive antagonist correct answer: an agonist that "competes" for the same binding site as another substance only blocks endogenous ligand, cannot activate receptor reversible competition Competitive antagonists cause a _____ shift in the drug response curve correct answer: rightward ...

True or False: For every kinase there is an equal and active phosphatase correct answer: True Name one example of a protein signal correct answer: Epinephrine Name one small molecule signal correct answer: Acetylcholine or cortisol What are three essential parts of a signaling cascade? c...

G1 Phase correct answer: Preparation for DNA synthesis. Duplicate organelles and systolic compents. (8-10hrs) Cyclin D / CDK 4/6 Checkpoint close to end (RB). S phase costs a lot of ATP. S Phase correct answer: Interphase. DNA replication/synthesis. (6-8 hrs) Cyclin A / CDK2 Between...