UTMB Advanced Pathophysiology Bundled Exams with complete solution

Normal function of Nitric Oxide - potent vasodilator, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic. Normally balanced with endothelin. Normal function of Endothelin - Potent vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure. Normally balanced with Nitric oxide. cardiomyopathy - disease of the heart muscle, ca...

Paroxsymal nocturnal dyspnea - redistribution of fluids from dependent areas of the body that occurs in the recumbent or supine positions, increases intravascular fluids and places more fluid in the heart. may take a few hours resulting in the patients wake up from SOB. usually relieved by upright...

Biogenic Amine Theory linked to depression - Deficiency of neurotransmitters in brain of norepinephrine, dopamine, and/or serotonin. Particularly, a decrease in receptor binding with serotonin. Neurotransmitter Receptor Hypothesis linked to depression - A deficiency of monoamine neurotransmitter...

Oncogenes - cancer causing genes, promote uncontrolled growth of cells Proto-oncogenes - promote normal cell growth factor and division If proto-oncogenes are mutated the become - - Oncogenes Tumor Supressor Genes (TSGs) are - Antioncogenes antioncogenes - inhibit tumor progression & prevent mut...

Transcription - synthesis of RNA from DNA Transcription results in - mRNA RNA polymerase makes -mRNA mRNA - makes proteins RNA polymerase - binds to DNA Transcription factors (TFs) - A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes. Can wither activate or repr...