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[Show more]ATP 
An activated nucleotide found in all living organisms, which is produced during respiration and 
acts as an energy carrier. ATP is produced during the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis. 
metabolism 
the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. 
...
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Add to cartATP 
An activated nucleotide found in all living organisms, which is produced during respiration and 
acts as an energy carrier. ATP is produced during the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis. 
metabolism 
the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life. 
...
large molecules often contain carbon. why? they can readily form bonds with other carbon 
atoms. this forms a 'backbone'. other atoms can then attach. 
describe benedicts test for reducing sugars add equal volumes of the sugar sample and 
benedicts reagent. 
heat the mixture in a water bath for ...
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Add to cartlarge molecules often contain carbon. why? they can readily form bonds with other carbon 
atoms. this forms a 'backbone'. other atoms can then attach. 
describe benedicts test for reducing sugars add equal volumes of the sugar sample and 
benedicts reagent. 
heat the mixture in a water bath for ...
Many different substances enter and leave a cell by crossing its cell surface membrane. Describe 
how substances can cross a cell surface membrane. (5) 1 (Simple / facilitated) diffusion from 
high to low 
concentration / down concentration gradient; 
2 Small / non-polar / lipid-soluble molecules ...
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Add to cartMany different substances enter and leave a cell by crossing its cell surface membrane. Describe 
how substances can cross a cell surface membrane. (5) 1 (Simple / facilitated) diffusion from 
high to low 
concentration / down concentration gradient; 
2 Small / non-polar / lipid-soluble molecules ...
Many different substances enter and leave a cell by crossing its cell surface membrane. Describe 
how substances can cross a cell surface membrane. (5) 1 (Simple / facilitated) diffusion from 
high to low 
concentration / down concentration gradient; 
2 Small / non-polar / lipid-soluble molecules ...
Preview 4 out of 33 pages
Add to cartMany different substances enter and leave a cell by crossing its cell surface membrane. Describe 
how substances can cross a cell surface membrane. (5) 1 (Simple / facilitated) diffusion from 
high to low 
concentration / down concentration gradient; 
2 Small / non-polar / lipid-soluble molecules ...
Name the 11 organelles in an animal cell 1. Cell surface membrane 
2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum 
3. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
4. Lysosome 
5. Ribosome 
6. Golgi apparatus 
7. Mitochondria 
8. Nuclear envelope 
9, nucleolus 
10. Nucleus 
11. Cytoplasm 
Name the 14 organelles in a plant cell 1...
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Add to cartName the 11 organelles in an animal cell 1. Cell surface membrane 
2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum 
3. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
4. Lysosome 
5. Ribosome 
6. Golgi apparatus 
7. Mitochondria 
8. Nuclear envelope 
9, nucleolus 
10. Nucleus 
11. Cytoplasm 
Name the 14 organelles in a plant cell 1...
What are codominant alleles? Alleles that are both expressed in the phenotype because 
neither one is recessive 
If an organism carries two copies of the same allele it said to be ........ Homozygous at the 
locus 
If an organism carries two different alleles it is said to be...... Heterozygous at...
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Add to cartWhat are codominant alleles? Alleles that are both expressed in the phenotype because 
neither one is recessive 
If an organism carries two copies of the same allele it said to be ........ Homozygous at the 
locus 
If an organism carries two different alleles it is said to be...... Heterozygous at...
What are codominant alleles? Alleles that are both expressed in the phenotype because 
neither one is recessive 
If an organism carries two copies of the same allele it said to be ........ Homozygous at the 
locus 
If an organism carries two different alleles it is said to be...... Heterozygous at...
Preview 3 out of 16 pages
Add to cartWhat are codominant alleles? Alleles that are both expressed in the phenotype because 
neither one is recessive 
If an organism carries two copies of the same allele it said to be ........ Homozygous at the 
locus 
If an organism carries two different alleles it is said to be...... Heterozygous at...
How do biological molecules provide evidence for evolution? 
They all have similar molecules and use the same amino acids and DNA. 
What are monomers of carbohydrates called? 
Monosaccharides. 
Beta Glucose 
Alpha glucose 
Glucose formula 
C₆H₁₂O₆ 
Name of the bond between monosaccharides? 
...
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Add to cartHow do biological molecules provide evidence for evolution? 
They all have similar molecules and use the same amino acids and DNA. 
What are monomers of carbohydrates called? 
Monosaccharides. 
Beta Glucose 
Alpha glucose 
Glucose formula 
C₆H₁₂O₆ 
Name of the bond between monosaccharides? 
...
What is a kinetic response? Non directional random movement in response to a stimulus 
What is a positive and negative taxis? Positive taxis- organism moves towards stimulus 
Negative taxis - organism moves away from stimulus 
What Are receptors? Detect stimuli- can be cells or proteins on cell sur...
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Add to cartWhat is a kinetic response? Non directional random movement in response to a stimulus 
What is a positive and negative taxis? Positive taxis- organism moves towards stimulus 
Negative taxis - organism moves away from stimulus 
What Are receptors? Detect stimuli- can be cells or proteins on cell sur...
What are polymers? Polymers are molecules made from *many monomers* joined together. 
What are examples of monomers? *Monosaccharides, amino acids* and *nucleotides* 
What are examples of polymers? *Polysaccharides, polypeptides* and *polynucleotides* 
What reaction allows two monomers to bond toget...
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Add to cartWhat are polymers? Polymers are molecules made from *many monomers* joined together. 
What are examples of monomers? *Monosaccharides, amino acids* and *nucleotides* 
What are examples of polymers? *Polysaccharides, polypeptides* and *polynucleotides* 
What reaction allows two monomers to bond toget...
Examples of polymers Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids 
What type of sugar is glucose? Hexose 
How many types of glucose are there? 2 
What are the names of the types of glucose? Alpha-glucose and beta-glucose 
Structure of Alpha Glucose 
Structure of Beta Glucose 
Are the types of glucose...
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Add to cartExamples of polymers Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids 
What type of sugar is glucose? Hexose 
How many types of glucose are there? 2 
What are the names of the types of glucose? Alpha-glucose and beta-glucose 
Structure of Alpha Glucose 
Structure of Beta Glucose 
Are the types of glucose...
Dipeptide Two amino acids bonded together via a peptide bond 
Polypeptide Many amino acids bonded together via peptide bonds 
Protein A combination of polypeptides 
Amine Group -NH2, a basic group where the amino part of amino acid comes from
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Add to cartDipeptide Two amino acids bonded together via a peptide bond 
Polypeptide Many amino acids bonded together via peptide bonds 
Protein A combination of polypeptides 
Amine Group -NH2, a basic group where the amino part of amino acid comes from
In what ways can variation be caused? It can be caused by genetic factors, such as alleles 
from mutations. 
It can also be caused by the environment, such as climate. 
Most variation is caused by a combination of genetic factors and environmental factors 
Why is it impossible to study a whole popu...
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Add to cartIn what ways can variation be caused? It can be caused by genetic factors, such as alleles 
from mutations. 
It can also be caused by the environment, such as climate. 
Most variation is caused by a combination of genetic factors and environmental factors 
Why is it impossible to study a whole popu...
Enzyme Function 
Lowers the activation energy for a reaction to start, behaves as a catalyst 
Enzyme Structure 
Globular proteins that have a functional region known as an active site 
Active Site 
Functional region on an enzyme that is complimentary to substrates 
Complimentary 
Of a similar shape ...
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Add to cartEnzyme Function 
Lowers the activation energy for a reaction to start, behaves as a catalyst 
Enzyme Structure 
Globular proteins that have a functional region known as an active site 
Active Site 
Functional region on an enzyme that is complimentary to substrates 
Complimentary 
Of a similar shape ...
Give 2 reasons why in multicellular organisms, diffusion across outer membrane would be too 
slow? 1. Some cells deep within body- big distance between them and outside 
2. Larger animals have low surface area to volume ratio- difficult to exchange enough substances 
to supply large volume 
What 2...
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Add to cartGive 2 reasons why in multicellular organisms, diffusion across outer membrane would be too 
slow? 1. Some cells deep within body- big distance between them and outside 
2. Larger animals have low surface area to volume ratio- difficult to exchange enough substances 
to supply large volume 
What 2...
Why are Microorganisms able to perform exchange via their surface? • have a large surface 
area to volume ratio 
• have a short diffusion distance 
• have low demand 
How do Microorganisms Obtain Nutrients & Remove Waste? • by exchange via their surface 
• nutrients (e.g. glucose, oxygen)...
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Add to cartWhy are Microorganisms able to perform exchange via their surface? • have a large surface 
area to volume ratio 
• have a short diffusion distance 
• have low demand 
How do Microorganisms Obtain Nutrients & Remove Waste? • by exchange via their surface 
• nutrients (e.g. glucose, oxygen)...
What is classification? 
The organisation of living organisms into groups 
What is a species? 
The basic unit of classification, a group of organisms that have similar characteristics and are 
capable of breeding to produce fertile offspring 
What is the binomial naming system? 
Each species is ide...
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Add to cartWhat is classification? 
The organisation of living organisms into groups 
What is a species? 
The basic unit of classification, a group of organisms that have similar characteristics and are 
capable of breeding to produce fertile offspring 
What is the binomial naming system? 
Each species is ide...
Recognition recall Recall from a list presented, individuals pick out which they can 
remember. 
Cued recall Reproducing information from memory by making use of some kind of aid or 
hint to assist retrieval ( paired associate learning) 
Definition of memory The retention of learning or experience...
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Add to cartRecognition recall Recall from a list presented, individuals pick out which they can 
remember. 
Cued recall Reproducing information from memory by making use of some kind of aid or 
hint to assist retrieval ( paired associate learning) 
Definition of memory The retention of learning or experience...
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