A Level Chemistry Q&A Exam Bundle

What are the group 1 metals known as? The Alkali Metals Reactivity within the groups: Alkali metals: reactivity increases as you go down, melting point/boiling point decreases as you go down Halogens: reactivity decreases as you go down and melting point/boiling point increases as you go down ...

What is the relative mass and charge on a proton? Mass 1 charge +1 What is the relative mass and charge on a neutron? Mass 1 Charge 0 What is the relative mass and charge on an electron? Mass 1/2000 Charge -1 What is the mass number? The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an a...

Silver nitrate+ nitric acid + chloride ions White precipitate Silver nitrate+ nitric acid + bromide ions Cream precipitate Silver nitrate+ nitric acid + iodide ions Yellow precipitate Substances that decolorise bromine water Alkenes Electrophiles Electron pair acceptors, attracted to electrons e...

1 relative mass of a proton 1 relative mass of a neutron 1/1840 relative mass of an electron +1 relative charge of a proton 0 relative charge of a neutron -1 Relative charge of an electron strong nuclear force How is the nucleus held together nuclear force is the nuclear force or electrostati...

How to test for C=C decolourises bromine water Atomic Number number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. Mass Number the sum of protons and neutrons in a nuclues of an atom Isotopes atoms of the same elementwith the same numberof protons but different nuber of neutrons Relative ...

Bronsted-Lowry acid Proton donor Bronsted-Lowry base Proton acceptor pH Measure of acidity by measuring concentration of H⁺ ions. Low pH means Acidity High pH means Alkalinity Calculating pH pH = -log [H⁺] Calculating [H⁺] -pH [H⁺] = 10 What does an acid/base reaction involve? Transfe...

What are standard conditions? 298K/25°C 100kPa/1 atm 1 moldm-3 Enthalpy change of formation The enthalpy change when 1 mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements under standard conditions, with all reactants and products in their standard states. Enthalpy change of combustion The ...

Periodic table Table that provides chemists with a structural organisation of the known chemical elements that can be used to deduce physical and chemical properties Atomic radius across Period 3 Decreases First ionisation energy across Period 3 Increases Exceptions: Drops at Al and S Melting poi...

TOF steps 1) ionisation 2) acceleration 3) ion drift 4) detection 5) analysis Electron impact Sample vaporised and electron gun fires high energy electrons at it which knock off 1 electron from each particle, making them 1+ ions NB- can knock off more than one e or break molecular ion electrospray...

Relative atomic mass The average mass of an atom of an element, relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12 Relative molecular mass Average mass of a molecule compared to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom The Avogradro constant the number of particles in a mole ideal gas equation ...

What is an alkene? An unsaturated hydrocarbon What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon? A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms and containing at least one carbon carbon double bond What are van der Waals forces? Relatively weak intermolecular forces caused by temporary dipole dipole intera...

What is heterolytic fission? Where one ion gets both electrons from the covalent bond What are produced by heterolytic fission? Ions What is a free radical? An atom or group with an unpaired electron, which is highly reactive as it wishes to pair up this electron What are 3 examples of situations...

What are nucleons? Nucleons are protons and neutrons in the nucleus. What is the position of protons? Nucleus What is the relative mass of a proton 1 What is the relative charge of a proton? +1 What is the position of neutrons? Nucleus What is the relative mass of a neutron? 1 What is the rela...

Explain why CF4 has a bond angle of 109.5°. -there are 4 bonding pairs and no lone pairs -repel equally and therefore spread apart as far as possible Topic 4 Energetics State and explain change in the volume of water in calorimetry that would cause a reduction in heat loss. -higher volume -smalle...