Summary
Summary CVS Core Conditions
- Module
- Core Conditions
- Institution
- University Of Leeds (UoL)
A condensed summary of the CVS core conditions for the Leeds MBChB year 3 syllabus
[Show more]
Content preview
CVS CORE CONDITIONS SUMMARYCondition Summary Epidemiology Pathophysiology Prognosis Aetiology Risk Factors S/S Investigations DDs Treatment Complications
The heart tries to Cusp malformation Dyspnoea; fatigue;
Diastolic leakage of Bicuspid aortic valve; Physical Pulmonary/mitral Inotropes; Operative mortality;
compensate by increasing Death usually occurs (bicuspid valve); cusp orthopnoea; PND; mottled
Aortic blood from the aorta Less common than HR/contractility to keep up within a few years of erosion (e.g. from rheumatic fever; extremities; JVD; head examination; ECG; regurgitation; vasodilators; urgent CCF; arrhythmias;
regurgitation into the LV causing AS and MR endocarditis; Marfan’s CXR; echo; colour mitral/aortic valve replacement/ endocarditis; MI;
with increased preload; onset endocarditis); rheumatic bobbing; collapsing pulse;
an audible murmur syndrome flow doppler stenosis repair; TAVI sudden death
over time this causes LVH fever; arthopathies low diastolic pressure
Narrowing of the Most common Many patients die Initially asymptomatic; Medical therapy; Ventricular dilation;
valvular disease <65y/o most commonly Age; congenitally Aortic sclerosis;
aortic valve opening, Gradual progression, suddenly and death angina; exertional dyspnoea; valvuloplasty; valve acute CHF; sudden
calcified bicuspid (M>F); bicuspid aortic valve; IHD;
Aortic stenosis restricting blood flow causing obstruction to LV often occurs within a
>65y/o most commonly rheumatic heart
syncope; heaves; narrow ECG; echo
hypertrophic
replacement; TAVR; cardiac death; infection;
from the LV to the <65y/o M>F outflow with resultant LVH couple of years pulse pressure; systolic thrill prophylactic Abx; thrombosis secondary
senile calcific AS (M<F) disease; CKD cardiomyopathy
aorta during systole >65y/o M<F without surgery radiating to carotid anticoagulation to mechanical valve
Supraventricular Atrial dilation, with fibrosis Cardiac disease and
Related to
tachyarrhythmia, and inflammation, causes associated risk factors Age; CAD; HTN; DM; Palpitations; hypotension; Atrial flutter; Anti-coagulant;
AF Adults precipitating events,
characterised by a difference in refractory (AF can also occur in CCF; cardiac surgery; elevated JVP; added heart ECG; U&Es; TFTs; Wolf-Parkinson- beta-blocker;
Prevalence M>F underlying cardiac CVA; MI; CCF
(atrial fibrillation) irregularly irregular periods within atrial tissue; the absence of valvular disease; sounds; dizziness; irregularly CXR; echo White; atrial digoxin; CCB;
Mortality M<F status, VTE risk, and
QRS complexes and this promotes electrical re- underlying cardiac hyperthyroidism irregular pulse tachycardia amiodarone
type of AF
absent P waves entry, resulting in AF disease)
Inability of the Sustained neurohormonal COPD; PE;
Pleural effusion; chronic
CCF/CHF ventricles to fill with activation results in
Framingham criteria
Age; HTN; MI; DM;
Dyspnoea; orthopnoea; ECG; echo; CXR;
pulmonary Lifestyle changes;
renal insufficiency;
or eject blood; must increased ventricular dyslipidaemia; renal fibrosis; DVT; ACEi/ARB; beta-
(congestive include dyspnoea Adults stress, dilation and used to classify using CAD; HTN; valvular insufficiency; valvular PND; cardiomegaly; FBC; U&Es; blood pneumonia; blocker; digoxin; anaemia; acute
cardiac/heart major (PAINS) and disease; myocarditis hepatojugular reflux; rales; glucose; lipid profile; decompensation of
and abnormal Na+/ remodelling; mitral disease; cocaine cirrhosis; candesartan;
minor (PAIN) criteria nocturia; pedal oedema LFTs; BNP chronic heart failure;
failure) water retention, regurgitation develops, abuse nephrotic spironolactone
acute renal failure
resulting in oedema increasing LV overload syndrome
Well’s score;
Most begin to develop just Age; hospitalisation; Cellulitis;
DVT Development of a
above and behind a valve recent travel; surgery; Calf/entire leg swelling;
D-dimer; USS
Achille’s tear;
Anticoagulant PE; acute bleeding
blood clot in a deep Black people Greatest risk of during treatment;
(deep vein vein of the leg, thigh, M<F due to stasis, endothelial mortality a/w PE Virchow’s triad active cancer; OCP; asymmetric oedema;
+ INR, ATPP, U&Es,
haematoma; + physical activity, heparin-induced
injury or hypercoagulability leg trauma; clotting collateral superficial veins tumour; ruptured
thrombosis) pelvis or abdomen
(Virchow’s triad) disorders; pregnancy
LFTs, FBC, CT
popliteal cyst
gradient stockings thrombocytopenia
abdomen and pelvis
BP is a product of CO and CKD; renal
Increased CO/PRV; ACEi/ARB; CCB;
PVR and is affected by Uncontrolled HTN is a Age; CAD; HTN; DM; artery stenosis; CAD; CVA; LVH; CCF;
HTN High blood pressure Adults preload, contractility, major risk factor in excess Na+ intake/ obesity; inactivity; BP >140/90mmHg; signs of BP measurement Cushing’s; aortic thiazide-like retinopathy; PAD; CKD;
(hypertension) (>140/90mmHg) M<F retention; dysregulation retinopathy, neuropathy, etc. diuretic; lifestyle
vessel hypertrophy and many diseases black ancestry coarctation; neuropathy
of RAAS changes
peripheral vasoconstriction dysthyroidism;
Infection of valves results
FROM JANE
Infection involving in secondary endothelial
Prosthetic valves; (Fever, Roth spots, Osler’s
endocardial surfaces damage due to turbulent Often Staph. aureus, FBC; U&Es; LFTs;
Infective (valves, chordae Elderly flow; platelets/fibrin adhere CHF is major
Strep. viridans, or
heart transplant; nodes, Murmur, Janeway blood cultures; Rheumatic fever; Abx; surgery CHF; systemic
endocarditis M>F prognostic factor IVDU; poor oral lesions, Anaemia, Nails atrial myxoma embolisation
tendinae and to underlying collagen and enterococcal infection ECG; echo
hygiene; oral surgery (splinter haemorrhages),
endocardium) are colonised by bacteria,
Emboli)
developing vegetations
COPD; PE;
O2 resuscitation; Pleural effusion; chronic
Failure of the LV to Inability of the LV to Age; HTN; MI; DM; Tachycardia; tachypnoea; Echo pulmonary
LVF maintain proper CO properly eject blood during Cause must always be dyslipidaemia; LVH; peripheral cyanosis; fibrosis; DVT; morphine; ACEi/ renal insufficiency;
ARB; nitrates; anaemia; acute
(left ventricular in systole, leading to Adults systole leads to increased Ca. 50% 1y-mortality investigated (LVF is an valvular disease; renal cardiomegaly; pulmonary + FBC, U&Es, LFTs, pneumonia;
digoxin; beta- decompensation of
elevated LA LA pressure, causing the inadequate diagnosis) insufficiency; cocaine oedema; pleural effusion; cardiac biomarkers, cirrhosis;
failure) pressure majority of symptoms abuse fatigue; wheeze TFTs, ECG, CXR nephrotic blocker; warfarin; chronic heart failure;
spironolactone; acute renal failure
syndrome
www.medicsummaries.com
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller medicsummaries. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £2.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77254 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now