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Summary Political Parties

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Component 1 : Part 1 UK politics - set of comprehensive notes full with case studies , statistics and facts for the AS & A-Level Politics course.

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ELECTORAL SYSTEMS


WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF ELECTIONS?

- Preservation of democracy
- To give the public a voice
- Encourages participation
- Helps us to pick a side
- Creates a strong government
- Electing representatives
- Holding governments to account

Examples:

Choosing the government:

 In 2010 Conservatives are 20 seats short of a majority, so they entered the coalition with the
liberal democrats
 In 2017 Conservatives were eight seats short. So, they formed a confidence in supply
government with the DUP

 In 2019 the Conservatives had a majority government.

Holding government to account:

 Following a 2009 expenses scandal, MPs stood down
recall of the MPs 2015 act held by elections. This meant that MPs were held to account.

Participation:

 2001 59.4% voter turnout.
 2017 68.7 voter turnout.
 2019 67.5 voter turnout

2019 election gave the Conservatives a clear mandate for Brexit

A manifesto is a list of policies or party policy made before an election and mandate, if they're
elected, then the manifesto becomes a mandate.



Plurality systems- elects the candidate with the MOST votes (FPTP)

Majority system – elects candidate with OVER 50% (SV)

Hybrid – mix of two types (AMS)

Proportional representation: when the votes and seats directly correlate (STV)

Closed list: Each party publishes a list of candidates. On voting day voters vote for a party and parties
choose the candidates

Open list: voters vote for candidates not a party

, FIRST PAST THE POST:

- In first past the post, voters cast a single vote by placing across, next to their preferred
candidate first past the post is plurality system.
- This means that the person that has the most votes in a constituency is elected.
- They do not have to have more than 50% of the votes (this would be a majority system)
- The party with the largest number of seats, not necessarily the most has the right to form a
government strengthened



FIRST PAST THE POST STRENGTHS:

 Create strong representation
 Create strong government
 More likely to have a majority government
 Makes governing easier
 Is fast and simple & easy to use. System and the result are known within two days, Belgium,
however, use proportional representation, took 18 months to form a government

FIRST PAST THE POST WEAKNESSES:

 Tony Blair was elected prime minister with only 35% of his constituencies vote – low
legitimacy
 Lack of proportionality – UKIP had 3.9 million votes but only one seat
 The winner’s bonus (winners gain extra seats. If there are marginal seats, the winning party
benefits from this bonus)
 In 1951 and February 1974, the part forming the government had fewer votes than the
opposition party
 MPs can be elected on less than 50% of the vote. They do not need a command majority
within their constituency. And they do not necessarily represent their constituents and their
beliefs.
o For
example,
Alasdair




McDonnell of SDLP in South Belfast gained his seat with only 24.5% of the vote, and
considering 60% voter turnout, only 14.5% of people voted for him.

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