These notes cover the whole syllabus of 9701 Cambridge International Examination, AS Level Chemistry Notes what divided into to different Units. You may find each notes have corresponded specifically in each term from syllabus.
CIE AS Chemistry Note Unit 18 - Carbonyl compounds
Alevel Chemistry Revision OC 18
Revision Material
Duration: 9th – 14th March
Topic 18 Carbonyl compound
This topic introduces the chemistry of the carbonyl compounds, aldehydes, ketones.
Learning outcomes
Candidates should be able to:
18.1 Aldehydes and (a) describe:
ketones (i) the formation of aldehydes and ketones from primary and secondary alcohols
respectively using Cr2O72- / H+
(ii) the reduction of aldehydes and ketones, e.g. using NaBH4 or LiAlH4
(iii) the reaction of aldehydes and ketones with HCN and NaCN or KCN
(b) describe the mechanism of the nucleophilic addition reactions of hydrogen cyanide with
aldehydes and ketones
(c) describe the use of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) to detect the presence of carbonyl
compounds
(d) deduce the nature (aldehyde or ketone) of an unknown carbonyl compound from the results
of simple tests (Fehling’s and Tollens’ reagents; ease of oxidation)
(e) describe the reaction of CH3CO– compounds with alkaline aqueous iodine to give tri-
iodomethane
, 18.1 Aldehydes and ketones
(a) Describe:
1. Introduction
Carbonyl group
120℃
Aldehydes and ketones both contain the carbonyl group, C=O.
The position of the carbonyl group in the carbon chain is different in aldehydes and ketones.
The carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon chain in aldehydes and in the middle in ketones. The suffix for aldehydes is
-al and the suffix for ketones is -one.
2. Structures of aldehydes and ketones
Aldehydes Ketones
General molecular formula CnH2nO CnH2nO
Functional group
(-CHO) Alkyl groups
Example CH3CH2CHO CH3COCH3
(functional group isomers) O O
CH3CH2CH CH3CCH3
3. Names of aldehydes and ketones
Aldehyde
HCHO methanal
CH3CHO ethanal
CH3CH2CHO propanal
CH3CH2CH2CHO butanal
Ketone
O propanone
CH3CCH3
4. Physical properties
- Relatively high boiling point / melting point (HCHO is a gas at r.t.p.)
- Soluble in water for the aldehydes or ketones containing small amounts of carbon atoms
These compounds can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules
CH3
H
This ‘H’ does not form hydrogen bonds with water molecules it is boning to a carbon.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller YNL. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £4.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.