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Summary Photosynthesis Flashcards - A-Level and AS Level Biology £5.49
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Summary Photosynthesis Flashcards - A-Level and AS Level Biology

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Here i have some super detailed Photosynthesis flashcards which is used to achieve an A* in A-Level Biology. They are made using mark schemes, teacher's guide, past papers, textbooks and revision guides.

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  • April 30, 2021
  • 4
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

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Photosynthesis Flashcards:

Q: Describe the structure of a chloroplast:
 Chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane.
 The inner membrane folds inwards to form thylakoid lamellae, which combine to
form stacks called grana.
 Grana is where the photosynthetic pigments are located and where the reactions of
the light-independent stage take place.
 The stroma is the fluid filled interior, bathing the thylakoids and grana, where the
light-independent reactions take place.

Q: Define photophosphorylation:
 An endergonic reaction bonding a phosphate ion to a molecule of ADP using energy
from light, making ATP.

Q: Describe some adaptations in the structure of leaves, cells and chloroplasts that make it
efficient for trapping light:
1. Leaf’s:
 Large surface area
 Thin
 Stomatal pores = allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf
 Air spaces in the spongy mesophyll = allow carbon dioxide to diffuse to the
photosynthesising cells
 Spaces between palisade cells = allow carbon dioxide to diffuse to the
photosynthesising cells


2. Cells:
 Cuticle and epidermis are transparent; cellulose cell wall is thin = light penetrates
through to the mesophyll.
 palisade cells are cylindrical, elongated at right angles to the surface of the leaf = to
fit a large number of cells.


3. Chloroplasts:
 Large surface area
 Move within palisade cells.
 Rotate within palisade cells.
 Pigment in the thylakoids are in a single layer at the surface of the thylakoid
membrane = pigments maximise their absorption of light

Q: How to chloroplasts act as transducers?
 Chloroplasts turn energy in the photons of light into chemical energy, made available
as ATP and incorporated into molecules such as glucose.

Q: What are photosynthetic pigments?

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