Summary for IB History Paper 1; The Move to Global War; German and Italian expansionism.
Perfect and complete notes that include all you need to succeed in Paper 1
ITALIAN EXPANSIONISM
Mussolini and fascist Italy
1. Mussolini and fascism
Effects of WWI Mussolini
- Economic and political divisions - Banned all the political parties and
- Unfulfilled promises opposition newspapers
- Financial debt - Outlawed labor unions
- Used violence and intimidation
Response to chaos and violence - Worked to gain support by the youth,
- Creation of the Black Shirts (Dec. 1923) Church and propaganda
2. Fascist foreign policy 1922-1934
Need for a cautious foreign policy Foreign policy was opportunist
- Economy was weak - Specially with weaker nations
- Dependence on trade with Britain, - Greece with the Corfu Incident (indemnity)
France and the US - Yugoslavia with Fiume (give up the city)
3. The Great Depression and Italy
Government expands control
➢ Italy relied on deficit spending to stimulate the economy
○ Military spending, increasing the size of the Army.
○ Government and consumer spending increased.
○ Employment increased.
➢ Italy had a healthy economy.
○ By the mid-1930s, Italy was prepared to act on its goals:
○ Less dependent on trade with other countries.
○ The government controled the industry and the economy.
Intimidation of Germany, July 1934
➢ - In 1934, Austria’s dictator was assassinated by Austrian Nazis → Threat to Italy
○ Austria bordered Italy
○ Italy worked with Britain and France to isolate Germany
○ Significant political and economic interests in this region
➢ Mussolini announced intentions to move Italian troops // Hitler’s army was weak
➢ Hitler did not intervene, Mussolni demonstrated his strengths
, THE ABYSSINIAN CRISIS
1. The Italian Empire
Desire of Abyssinia
Mussolini to built - Bordered the colonies of Eritrea and Somalilamd
a great power → - Had weak borders
- No economic opportunities, but Mussolini was interested in glory
2. The Wal-Wal Incident and war
➢ December 1934: Skirshed in Wal-Wal
➢ Two italian and 100 Abyssinian troops were killed
➢ Italy demanded an indemnity and an apology
➢ Abyssinia appealed to the League
○ Response: neither country was at fault
➢ Britain and France knew Italy’s plans, but did not want to risk their good relations
➢ October 1935: Italy invaded Abyssinia, quickly defeating Abyssinian troops
➢ Haile Selassie, Emperor of Abyssinia, escaped to Britain
➢ By 1936, Italy merged Abyssinia, Eritrea and Somaliland into one colony called Italian
East Africa
3. Responses to the Abyssinian Crisis
Abyssinia Italy League of Nations
- Violent - Economy more isolated - Condemned the invasion and voted to impose
repression - Strengthen ties with economic sanctions (Oct 1935), but did not
- Destruction Eastern and central Eur. impose them
of villages - Focused on - The League allowed the Emperor Selassie to
- Guerrilla rearmament speak
attacks but - Closer relations with - Italy withdrew
with no Germany. (Rome-Berlin Consequences for the League
impact Axis, Collapse of the - It had allowed the destruction of a member
Stressa F., declared not state
oppose German - Br. and Fr. were not concern with it
annexation of Austria) - Another important member left it
- Lost legitimacy in international affairs
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ivánsánchez1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £6.86. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
