The Ingumentary System
SKIN Layers of the Epidermis
Roles of Skin Stratum Corneum
(outermost)
Protection and immunity
Many sublayers of flat,
Sensation
dead keratinocytes,
Thermoregulation
continuously shed,
Excretion and absorption
replaced by cells from
Synthesis of Vitamin D
deeper strata
Storage
Stratum Lucidum
Skin Structure Present only on thick
skin (fingertips, palms
Three major layers and soles)
Epidermis Transparent
Outermost Stratum Granulosum
Thinner layers Includes keratohyalin
Dermis (cytoplasmic granules
Bellow epidermis – promote
Thicker layer dehydration, cross-
Hypodermis linking of keratin
Bellow the dermis fibres)
Attaches skin to Cells die in this layer
underlying tissue and Stratum Spinosum
organs 8-10 layers of
keratinocytes with
desmosomes,
intracellular bridges
(“prickles”)
Stratum Basale
Deepest layer
Continuous cell
division occurs
producing all other
layers-stem cells
Epidermis
Cells of the epidermis
Keratinized stratified
Keratinocytes (90% of cells)
squamous epithelial cells
Produce keratin
Avascular
(tough fibrous protein
Multilayered, flexible, self-
that provides
repairing barrier
protection)
Prevents fluids loss
Melanocytes (8% of cells)
Protects from UV radiation
Produce melanin
Produces vitamin D3
pigment (protects
Resists abrasion, chemicals
against damage by
and pathogens
ultraviolet radiation)
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