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Summary A Level Biology OCR A - Kidney Failure
notes on kidney failure
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🔮15.8 Kidney Failure
Class Bio
Created @May 2, 2021 9:54 AM
Date of Exam @May 10, 2021
Exam Questions done?
Reviewed
Teacher Mrs Batchelor
Type Sub-topic
The kidneys play a vital role in homeostasis. If they are
damaged and becomes less efficient or stop working, the
effects on the body are serious and may be fatal if they are
not treated.
causes and effects of kidney
failure
There are a number of reasons why the kidneys may fail. They
include kidney infections, where the structure of the
15.8 Kidney Failure 1
, podocytes and the tubules themselves may be damaged or
destroyed; raised blood pressure that can damage the structure
of the epithelial cells and basement membrane of the Bowman's
capsule; and genetic conditions such as polycystic kidney
disease where the health kidney tissue is replaced by fluid
filled cysts or damaged by pressure from cysts.
If the kidneys are infected or affected by high blood pressure
this may cause:
protein in the urine - if the basement membrane or
podocytes of the Bowman's capsule are damaged, they no
longer act as filters and large plasma proteins can pass
into the filtrate and are passed out in the urine.
Blood in the urine - another symptom that the filtering
process is no longer working.
If the kidneys fail completely, the concentrations of urea and
mineral ions build up in the body. The effects include:
Loss of electrolyte balance - if the kidneys fail, the body
cannot excrete excess sodium, potassium, and chloride ions.
This causes osmotic imbalances in the tissues and eventual
death.
Build up of toxic urea in the blood - if the kidneys fail,
the body cannot get rid of urea and it can poison the
cells.
High blood pressure - the kidneys play an important role in
controlling the blood pressure by maintaining the water
balance of the blood. If the kidneys fail, the blood
pressure increases and this can cause a range of health
problems including heart problems and strokes.
weakened bones as the calcium/phosphorus balance in the
blood is lost.
pain and stiffness in joins as abnormal proteins build up
in the blood.
anaemia - the kidneys are involved in the production of a
hormone called erythropoietin that stimulated the formation
15.8 Kidney Failure 2
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