Essay
Unit 11 - D2 explain how the digestive, cardiovascular and respiratory systems are interrelated
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
This is my D2 task for my distinction graded unit 11 assignment
[Show more]
Content preview
Unit 11 – Physiology of Human Body SystemsD2 – explain how digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems are in interrelated
The three systems all work together to help the body run as efficiently as possible.
The digestive system breaks down large molecules into smaller ones which are transported to the
body’s cells via the cardiovascular system which also removes waste products.
The respiratory system takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide, a process known as gas
exchange, with the help of the cardiovascular system which transports it around the body through
the blood.
The cardiovascular system transports oxygen to the cells of the body and carbon dioxide to the lungs
where it is removed via the respiratory system.
A key process where all three systems work together to keep the body functioning is cellular
respiration. Cellular respiration is where the body converts energy eaten into energy that can be
used by the body’s cells. The way the cells get energy from food is by ATP being extracted from
glucose, which the cells can then use the ATP as their own form of energy. In cellular respiration the
digestive system works to get glucose from food by breaking down starch. The respiratory and
cardiovascular system work to provide the cells with oxygen that they need.
The way cellular respiration occurs is by three phases; glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and
oxidative phosphorylation.
In the first phase, glycolysis is brought about by the glucose being broken down in the cytoplasm of
the cell. The process of glycolysis will then produce chemicals needed in each of the other two
stages for cellular respiration to be brought about.
In the second phase, pyruvate that was created from the glycolysis process makes its way into the
mitochondria. Pyruvate is a three-carbon molecule but before entering the Krebs cycle it strips itself
down to a two-carbon molecule and CO2 is given off. There are many different chemical reactions
taking place and at the end one ATP molecule is released. But because for every glucose molecule,
there are two pyruvate molecules, therefore two ATP molecules are released overall. The molecules
left over from the chemical reactions occurring in the Krebs cycle are two ATP molecules, ten ADH
molecules and two FADH2 molecules.
In the third and final phase of cellular respiration, an electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
both occur to deliver ATP. In the electron transport chain multiple electrons go from one molecule to
another where energy is released multiple times. This release of energy forms a gradient which helps
with ATP synthesis which is known as chemiosmosis.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller kacieleax. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £2.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
62890 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now