1. Question: Banker’s Acceptances
a. Describe how foreign trade would be affected if banks did not providetrade- related services.
b. How can a banker’s acceptance be beneficial to an exporter, an importer, anda bank?
2. Question: Letters of Credit Ocean Traders of North America is a firm ba...
a. Describe how foreign trade would be affected if banks did not provide
trade- related services.
Foreign trade would be reduced without the trade-related
services by banks, because some trade can only occur if banks
back the transaction with banker’s acceptances.
b. How can a banker’s acceptance be beneficial to an exporter, an importer, and
a bank?
A banker’s acceptance guarantees payment to the exporter so
that credit risk of the importer is not worrisome. It allows the importers to
import goods without being turned down due to uncertainty about their credit
standing. It is a revenue generator for the bank since a fee is received by the bank
for this service.
Letters of Credit Ocean Traders of North America is a firm based in Mobile, Alabama, that
specializes in seafood exports and commonly uses letters of credit (L/Cs) to ensure payment. It
recently experienced a problem, however. Ocean Traders had an irrevocable L/C issued by a
Russian bank to ensure that it would receive payment upon shipment of 16,000 tons of fish to a
Russian firm. This bank backed out of its obligation, however, stating that it was not authorized
to guarantee commercial transactions.
a. Explain how an irrevocable L/C would normally facilitate the business transaction
between the Russian importer and Ocean Traders of North America (the U.S.
exporter).
The letter of credit was issued by a Russian bank to guarantee payment for the goods to
be exported by the U.S. exporter.
b. Explain how the cancellation of the L/C could create a trade crisis between the U.S. and
Russian firms.
If exporting firms cannot rely on letters of credit, they must resort to trusting the
counterparty in the trade agreement. This will reduce trade, because exporters
frequently do not know much about the counterparty.
c. Why do you think situations like this (the cancellation of the L/C) are rare in
industrialized countries?
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