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unit 8- promoting public health assignment 1 (merit)
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promoting public health
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Unit 8 – Promoting Public HealthHistorically, the strategies used to develop public health were poor. There was overcrowding, poor
housing conditions, bad water, and diseases. Many people were dying due to the poor conditions, for
example the sewage. This affected people because the water they were using was dirty and full of germs
which caused people to be extremely sick. Edwin Chadwin had reported this to the local authority but
was not taken seriously. As time went past, they believed that it was the sewage and its smell that was
the cause of ill-health. It was referred to as miasma, which is also known as unpleasant smell. This was
false knowledge, but it did lead to some benefits as people were being more hygienic, even though it
was for the wrong reasons. As time went on, they decided to change the sewage and made sure the
water was clean. When they saw change in mortality and morbidity rates, they had realized that the
local authority had to promote health as well. This led to vaccines being created, toilets being used with
drainage and clean drinking water, as well as health checks for everyone. The local authority then later
realized that there were 5 evils which needed where impacting people's health and everyone needed to
be educated so they can be aware, they needed to have good house conditioning to be healthy.
Everyone should be priority to health care and people should be performing their role in society.
Beveridge had identified the five giant evils in 1942, they were, want, disease, ignorance, squalor, and
idleness. Beveridge believed that if they wanted Britain to be better, they would have to tackle the evil
giants, for example they would have free education, improved housing, free NHS care etc. tackling the 5
evils were the main objective in 1945 (center for social investigation 2020) The giant evils were, Squalor-
Beveridge wanted to change the cycle of poverty where housing conditions were the main cause of
health problems. During the second world war the house conditions were bad. Beveridge had seen that
most people was homeless because of the bad conditioning of their homes. Beveridge had argued in his
report that there should be council house building which the conditions of the house were good for the
poor. Want- Beveridge had been concerned about how the poor did not have what they needed to be
able to survive. However, during this time, the homeless would turn to crime so they would be able to
eat and feed their family (st mungo’s 2017). Ignorance- Beveridge believed that higher social classes
were ignorant of the factors which were affecting the community. Idealness- Beverage called for a
training and work center to be able to help the poor. Disease- Beverage believed that if they were able
to tackle the evils, they would be able to help with poverty (st mungo 2017).
In 1940, measles became a reportable measure, sickness in Wales and England. In 1940, there was an
outbreak of measles, which at the time with about 400,000 cases registered, it was a very severe illness.
Around one in every twenty babies died before their first birthday and every year before they were
born. People also died of infectious diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, meningitis. There was
overwhelming proof that everyone needed health care (promoting public health booklet 2020). The
measles epidemics has had a significant contribution to society now as now there are vaccines which
help to prevent measles also known as MMR (Measles Mumps and Rubella) (Measles Mumps and
Rubella). The measles was published by a Persian doctor, he had demonstrated in 1757 that measles
flows in the blood, which is more highly to catch during winter and spring (CDC 2020). From 1919 to
1939 between the first and second world war there was several studies on improving the health care
however nothing had been implemented. The recommendations of the report were made by the
government in 1945, and the National Health Service act was made in 1946 and came into effect in
1948. The national health service (NHS) will be tax funded and would benefit from every individual in
the country. This was especially important as these where the first-time which people could receive
,diagnosis and treatment of illnesses. This act had a significant impact on the nation's health, saving
millions of lives.
P1
Public health is about encouraging the population to remain safe and protecting them from health
threats (NHS 2020).
Planning national provision of health care and promoting the health of the population. The NHS has
begun to have more to achieve the goal of public health policy by ensuring equal and equitable health
care, affordable health services for the whole of UK, to have a good standard, the population will be able
to experience good health, regardless of their social status (BTEC booklet 2020). The reason to why this
had been done is because it ensures a good standard of health would be given to the entire population
regardless of who they are. There is a demographic shift, which means that the population structure has
shifted, so public health policy needs to be overly sensitive to meets the needs. To ensure the
government would collect data and report and turn them into trends allowing them to be able to
protect the population of predict the future. D1: planning national provision of health care and
promoting the health of the population is beneficial is because it allows anyone regardless of their
ethnicity, race, gender etc. To be able to access free health care service by the NHS. Therefore, this
ensures that the population can have a better health care system. This strategy is also very beneficial as
it allows the government to be able to collect the data which is being held at hospitals and to be able to
turn them into trends, which helps the government to be able to focus on a specific disease and can find
outcomes which will reduce the rates of this. For example, if there had been a lot of asthma cases which
was admitted to hospitals or GP’s then they would look at these and check who is being effected. In
Greenwich the deprivation score is 25.5 however it hasn’t been calculated since the last report which
means the profile isn't giving the information that we need to know; however, we can infer that people
who suffer from asthma would be from the deprived areas, this is because not only does the outside
environment effect their respiratory system but their home environment as well. Therefore, this data
could identify people living in deprived areas having higher rates of asthma and the information which
has been collected can be used to help the people who live in these areas to change their home
environment, such as mold or damps. However, the disadvantages of this would be the data, which is
being collected might be biased, for example, the Greenwich health profile shows that in the local the
value is 25.5 however there isn't any data on the region and the change between the previous data. This
would have an effect as data is used to compare and see how much change there has been, if this data
isn't been added into this profile the government or agents who work with the government won't be
able to see if their changes have helped the society and if they need to take more into action. However, I
justify that this strategy is good as it offers free health care to the UK regardless of their income.
Identifying and monitoring the needs of the population. In 1946, the World Health Organization
(WHO), has been described as a different concern for governments to be interested in to the physical,
mental, and social well-being of people is beneficial not just for the care of illnesses. It is important that
the population is aware of the risks to be able to protect themselves. It is also important that the
government can identify and monitor risks to be able to protect the society from any threats, the data
which they collect would also help to identify any patterns to also prevent for any more accidents in the
future. An example would be that children had been affected by secondhand smoke which led to a law
in 2015 which was adults cannot smoke in the car with a child younger than 18. D1: identifying and
, monitoring the needs of the population is beneficial as it helps society to understand and see how our
bodies can be affected physically, mentally, emotionally. In primary schools we are taught to eat healthy
by health campaigns such as Change 4 life, we are also told that Physical education is compulsory at
school, this ensures that children are getting some sort of activity during the day as some children might
not be able to at home or chose not to do it. This ensures that the possibility of children becoming obese
is minimized. When we get into secondary, we are taught sex education, which helps us to understand
the risk of sexual transmitted diseases such as STI, STI in Greenwich is significantly high as the rates are
1713 and England's 850.6, therefore Greenwich isn't doing well with their sex education. It is important
that society is aware of the risks to be able to protect ourselves, for example COVID-19. If the
government doesn’t make talks about this virus and what kind of virus it is then we won't know how to
protect ourselves. The government ensures that people try do exercise whether they go to the gym or if
they run outside, however there are some people who might not be able to afford the gym, therefore
the government had made gym parks in certain areas for people to be able to access it and use it for
their own health. In Greenwich the rates of physical activity in adults are the same as England however
it is significantly still high as the rates are 66.4 in the region and 66.3 in England, therefore there might
not be enough promotion of health. However, the disadvantages of this are that people chose to ignore
public awareness such as healthy eating and exercise. This is common in Greenwich as healthy foods are
expensive therefore people are choosing to buy unhealthy food which can also be the cause of obesity,
as the rates in Greenwich for obesity is high at 23.2. However, I believe that this strategy is useful as
they can identify trends by data which has been collected and able to put in policies to reduce the
number of these trends.
Addressing specific national health problems over a period. National health issues are problems which
can affect any sector of the society, although in some areas they may be more common than others or
some regions may find themselves at higher risks. For example, STI is a national health problem which In
Greenwich is seen to be significantly high in rates, as the rates are 1713 and in England the rates are
850.6. Therefore, could say that if they were to address this national health problem, they would be able
to decrease the rates. D1: Addressing specific national health problems over a period is beneficial as this
will be able to focus on one main national health problems, for example, in Greenwich STI diagnosis are
significantly high as they are 1713 in the region and in England, they are 850.6. Therefore, by focusing
on this they would be able to identify this and monitor this, this would have a benefit on the nation as
they would be able to develop the needs for the population for example, they could make condoms free
which would help the individuals from protecting themselves from sexual transmitted diseases. They
could also improve this national health problem by ensuring that children are getting sex education at
school and are being aware of the risks of sexual transmitted diseases. Therefore, focusing on one
health problem would be beneficial as they could find multiple different ways to ensure that rates from
decreasing. However, the disadvantages of this are that focusing on one main national health problem
might be a problem as other health problems can arise while they are focusing on their main health
problem. However, I believe that this has little contribution as the rates of STI Is significantly high and
more could be done for this, for example, sex education could be improved, protections can be free etc.
Developing programmes to screen for early diagnosis of disease. Screening is a way which is used to
identify individuals who are at high risk of conditions or diseases, for example, glaucoma. If the
individual is seen to have a condition through the screening, they would be able to make further in study
to ensure they can give the best care for the individual. There are many different screenings which all
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