Aerodynamics Summary ATPL
Aircraft
Fundamentals and
Basic Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
1
,Aerodynamics
Course Learning Outcome
CLO 2
• Aerodynamics
• Velocity and Acceleration.
• Newton’s Law of Motion.
• Bernoulli’s Principle and Subsonic Flow.
• Airflow around a body.
• Flows.
• Stagnation Point,
• Freestream Flow,
• Up wash and Downwash.
• Boundary Layer
• Planform and Vortices,
• Aerodynamic Terms and Airfoils
2
,Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
• The energy may neither be created nor destroyed.
• Motion: The act or process of changing place or position.
• An object may be in motion with respect to one object and motionless
with respect to another.
3
,Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Example
• The passenger is
motionless with respect to
aircraft;
• However, the passenger
and the aircraft are in
motion with respect to the
air and to the earth.
,Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
• Air has no force or power, except pressure, unless it is in motion.
• A moving object in motionless air has a force exerted on it as a result of
its own motion.
• The flow of air around an object caused by the movement of either
the air or the object or both is called the relative wind.
5
,Aerodynamics
Velocity and Acceleration
• Speed and Velocity do not have the same meaning.
• Speed: is the rate of motion in relation to time.
• Velocity: Is the rate of motion in a particular direction in relation to time.
• Acceleration: is the rate of change of velocity.
❖ An aircraft increasing in velocity positive acceleration.
❖ An aircraft decreasing in velocity negative acceleration (deceleration).
6
,.
Aerodynamics
Newton’s Laws of Motion
• The action of air about a wing based on Newton’s laws of motion.
Newton’s first law is referred to as the Law of inertia.
• A body at rest does not move unless force is applied to it.
• If a body is moving at uniform speed in a straight line, forces must be
applied to increase or decrease the speed.
7
,Aerodynamics
Newton’s Laws of Motion
• When an aircraft is on ground with its engines off, inertia keeps the
aircraft at rest.
• An aircraft is moved by the thrust force created by a propeller or by the
expanding exhaust or both.
• When an aircraft is flying in uniform speed in a straight line, inertia tends
to keep the aircraft moving.
8
Aerody
,Aerodynamics
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s second law
“If a body moving with uniform speed is acted upon by an external force,
the change of motion is proportional to the amount of the force, and motion
takes place in the direction which the force acts.”
9
Aerody
, Aerodynamics
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s Third law: is referred as the law of action and reaction.
10
Aerody
Aircraft
Fundamentals and
Basic Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
1
,Aerodynamics
Course Learning Outcome
CLO 2
• Aerodynamics
• Velocity and Acceleration.
• Newton’s Law of Motion.
• Bernoulli’s Principle and Subsonic Flow.
• Airflow around a body.
• Flows.
• Stagnation Point,
• Freestream Flow,
• Up wash and Downwash.
• Boundary Layer
• Planform and Vortices,
• Aerodynamic Terms and Airfoils
2
,Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
• The energy may neither be created nor destroyed.
• Motion: The act or process of changing place or position.
• An object may be in motion with respect to one object and motionless
with respect to another.
3
,Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Example
• The passenger is
motionless with respect to
aircraft;
• However, the passenger
and the aircraft are in
motion with respect to the
air and to the earth.
,Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
• Air has no force or power, except pressure, unless it is in motion.
• A moving object in motionless air has a force exerted on it as a result of
its own motion.
• The flow of air around an object caused by the movement of either
the air or the object or both is called the relative wind.
5
,Aerodynamics
Velocity and Acceleration
• Speed and Velocity do not have the same meaning.
• Speed: is the rate of motion in relation to time.
• Velocity: Is the rate of motion in a particular direction in relation to time.
• Acceleration: is the rate of change of velocity.
❖ An aircraft increasing in velocity positive acceleration.
❖ An aircraft decreasing in velocity negative acceleration (deceleration).
6
,.
Aerodynamics
Newton’s Laws of Motion
• The action of air about a wing based on Newton’s laws of motion.
Newton’s first law is referred to as the Law of inertia.
• A body at rest does not move unless force is applied to it.
• If a body is moving at uniform speed in a straight line, forces must be
applied to increase or decrease the speed.
7
,Aerodynamics
Newton’s Laws of Motion
• When an aircraft is on ground with its engines off, inertia keeps the
aircraft at rest.
• An aircraft is moved by the thrust force created by a propeller or by the
expanding exhaust or both.
• When an aircraft is flying in uniform speed in a straight line, inertia tends
to keep the aircraft moving.
8
Aerody
,Aerodynamics
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s second law
“If a body moving with uniform speed is acted upon by an external force,
the change of motion is proportional to the amount of the force, and motion
takes place in the direction which the force acts.”
9
Aerody
, Aerodynamics
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s Third law: is referred as the law of action and reaction.
10
Aerody
