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Summary AQA A Level Biology: Unit 1 - Biological molecules £0.00
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Summary AQA A Level Biology: Unit 1 - Biological molecules
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These notes are a summary of Unit 1 - Biological molecules for AQA Biology using the AQA Biology: A Level Book by Glenn Toole and Susan Toole. This PowerPoint includes a condensed summary of the content in Unit 1: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Enzyme action, RNA, DNA, ATP and Water.

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  • Chapter 1 to chapter 2
  • June 4, 2021
  • 51
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

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Biological molecules – A particular group of chemicals that a
found in living organisms.
1. Covalent bonding – 2 non-metals share electrons = the o
shells are filled = stable molecule is formed.
2. Ionic bonding – A non-metal and metal transfer electrons
because ions of opposite charges attract forming an ionic b
(electrostatic attraction).
3. Hydrogen bonding – Electrons are not evenly distributed
spend more time at 1 position. A molecule with uneven dist
of charge = polarised (polar molecule). The – region of 1 p
molecule + the + region of another molecule attract (weak
electrostatic bond). Each bond is weak but collectively stro
can form forces that alter physical properties of molecules
H2O

,Monomers – A molecule that can join other
molecules to form a polymer.
Polymer – Many monomers joined together.
Polymerisation – The reaction that joins monom
Condensation – When 2 molecules are joined
together it produces a molecule of H2O.
Hydrolysis – When 2 molecules are broken dow
using a molecule of H2O.

,Metabolism – All chemical processes that take
in living organisms.
Molar solution (m) – A solution that contains 1
of solute in each litre of solution.
Mole – The molecular mass (molecular weight)
expressed in grams.
• Avogadro number/constant = 6.022 x 10²³

, • Monomers = i.e., monosaccharides, amino ac
nucleotides
• Disaccharide = 2 monosaccharides
• Polysaccharide = 2 + monosaccharides
• Monosaccharides i.e., glucose, galactose,
fructose
• α-glucose/ß-glucose – OH group of C1 point
opposite directions

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