Summary
Summary of the respiration stages
Basic summary of respiration need for A Level exams (A/A* grade worthy) looks at the -Glycolysis -Link Reaction - Krebs cycle - Oxidative phosphorylation/ Electron transport Chain
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STAGES OF RESPIRATION SUMMARY.GLYCOLYSIS- glucose is splitting.
IN THE CYTOPLASM- THE
CYTOSOL. Net products of Glycolysis:
HAPPEN IN ANAEROBIC AND 2 ATP (4 made but 2 used).
AEROBIC RESPIRATION. 2 REDUCED NAD.
2 PYRUVATES.
GLUCOSE 2 PYRUVATES.
1. Glucose is activated by phosphorylation.
2 phosphate group is added to glucose.
Phosphate comes from hydrolysis of 2 ATP inro ADP.
Equation: ATP + H2O --> ADP + Pi +30.6kjmol-1.
2. Glucose biphosphate is split into 2 triose phosphate (3 carbon)
3. Dehydrogenation.
Hydrogen is removed by triose phosphate using the enzyme dehydrogenase.
Hydrogen is transferred to hydrogen carrier NAD to form reduced NAD.
4. ATP is produced.
2 molecules produced by ADP. Process called substrate-level
phosphorylation.
LINK REACTION
PYRUVATE ENTERS THE MITOCHONDRIA NOT
GLUCOSE.
IN THE MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX.
PYRUVATE - ACETYL CO ENZYME A.
- Decarboxylation the removal of the
carboxyl group. Uses the enzyme
pyruvate decarboxylase eventually becomes CO 2 it diffuse out of the cell.
- Dehydrogenation the removal of hydrogen ATOMS. Uses the enzyme pyruvate
dehydrogenase. The hydrogens reduce NAD. NAD - REDUCED NAD.
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