INHERITANCE AND EVOLUTION revision booklet
Includes key words associated with inheritance and evolution.
Evaluates types of reproduction and cell division, genetic diseases, structure of DNA and the genome, protein synthesis, embryo screening.
Evolution, speciation, evidence, extinction, fossil...
INHERITANCE
AND EVOLUTION
Biology GCSE Revision Booklet
, Inheritance – Key Words
→ Genome – The entire genetic material of an organism
→ Gamete – The sex cells (sperm and egg cells) which contain 1 set of genetic
information
→ Gene – A section of DNA that codes for a particular sequence of amino acids to make
a specific protein. Genes carry information for particular characteristics, such as ear
shape or eye colour.
→ Chromosome – Found in the nucleus, made from long DNA molecules and passed
from parent to offspring
→ Allele – A different form or variant of a gene
→ DNA – A polymer made up of 2 strands of nucleotides that are twisted to form a
double helix structure
→ Dominant – Controls the characteristic, even if only present on 1 chromosome
→ Recessive – Only controls a characteristic is present on both chromosomes
→ Homozygous – 2 identical alleles for a characteristic
→ Heterozygous – Different alleles for a characteristic
→ Genotype – The alleles in an individual for a particular characteristic
→ Phenotype – The physical appearance of an individual for a particular characteristic
→ Meiosis – A type of cell division that involves 2 nuclear divisions, producing 4 non-
identical daughter cells. Each daughter cell contains 1 set of chromosomes
→ Mitosis – A type of cell division that involves 1 nuclear division, producing 2 identical
daughter cells, each containing 2 full sets of chromosomes
→ Sexual Reproduction – produces new organism from the combined DNA of 2
parents. Involves production of gametes which join at fertilisation
→ Asexual Reproduction – Only 1 parent with no fusion of gametes. Only mitosis
involved, therefore no mixing of genetic information. Offspring are genetically
identical (cloning)
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