This summarizes how the annual budget is created and what Congress, the Senate, and The president's roles are in the budgets formation. It also highlights how the budget is voted for.
1. President makes State of the Union address
2. Recommends funding levels & initiatives to take forward
3. Submits budget request to Congress (End January
4. Congressional Budget Process
5. Signs or vetoes Budget Bill
Initial Congressional Role
1. Congressional Budget Office takes Presidential submission (CBO publishes analysis of
proposals)
2. Budget (House and Senate) committees consider proposals (House and Senate
committees pass proposals to chamber)
3. Both houses pass budget resolution (or default to previous year). - Representatives &
Senators negotiate conference report – resolving differences
4. Budget Resolution must be approved by both houses (Agreed Resolution moves
forward to Appropriations)
Congressional Role
1. Through Resolutions, funding for Appropriations committees agreed
2. House and Senate Appropriations Committees consider & pass bills (usually through
12 sub committees)
3. Bills sent to House and Senate to be passed
4. Conference committee resolves differences between bills
5. Each chamber passes budget bill
6. Votes in House and in Senate
7. Conference committee resolves differences before both chambers vote on identical
bill
8. Agreed bill sent to President for signature or veto
9. If signed – budget passes
10. If vetoed – potential shutdown
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