Physics coursework-Yaren Mesegulu
Assignment title-radiation use in medical diagnosis and treatment
Electromagnetic spectroscopy measures the strongest to weakest forms of radiation that we
have.
Non ionising radiation-
Non ionising radiation refers to any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry
enough energy per quantum (photon energy) to ionise atoms or molecules—that is, to
completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule. . Non-ionising radiation includes
radio waves, microwaves, infrared and the visible spectrum, being UV rays some sort of
bridge in between ionising and non-ionising, since the near ultraviolet (NUV) is not to be
considered ionising, meanwhile further on the spectrum it can cause ionisation. The reason
why different types of non ionising radiation is used in medical applications is because they
do not give off any radiation so that none of the body muscle tissues are destroys so no harm
is done to patients.
Uses of non-ionising radiation in medical diagnosis and radiation-P1 and P2
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-
This form of medical equipment uses radiofrequency waves and strong magnets to produce
very detailed images of soft tissues inside the body that is being scanned. MRI principles
from radio frequency input to output of really high-resolution images this is from protons of
different environments these images are then analysed by a radiologist.
How do MRIs work-
MRIs employ powerful magnets which produce a strong magnetic field that forces protons in
the body to align with that field. When a radiofrequency current is then pulsed through the
patient, the protons are stimulated, and spin out of equilibrium, straining against the pull of
the magnetic field.
, Why are MRIs used-
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a large magnet and radio waves to look at organs
and structures inside your body. Health care professionals use MRI scans to diagnose a
variety of conditions, from torn ligaments to tumours. MRIs are very useful for examining the
brain and spinal cord.
MRI is used to detect a variety of conditions, including problems of the brain, spinal cord,
skeleton, chest, lungs, abdomen, pelvis, wrists, hands, ankles, and feet. In some cases, it can
provide clear images of body parts that can't be seen as well with an X-ray, CAT scan, or
ultrasound. MRI is particularly valuable for diagnosing problems with the eyes, ears, heart,
and circulatory system.
Instrumentation-
The MRI machine is made up of these elements which are-
Main, circular, strong, permanent, superconducting magnet cooled by liquid helium, MRI
scanner coils, sliding platform, radio frequency waves input and output signal receiver linked
to a powerful computer.
MRI may be used for:
Abnormal issues going on with the brain and spinal cord
Tumours cysts, and other anomalies in various parts of the body
Breast cancer screening for women who face a high risk of breast cancer or who have
the symptoms injuries or abnormalities of the joints, such as the back and knee
certain types of heart problems such as coronary heart disease
diseases of the liver and other abdominal organs such as liver failure
the evaluation of pelvic pain in women, with causes including fibroids and
endometriosis
suspected uterine anomalies in women undergoing evaluation for infertility
Abnormal body water conditions
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146309.php
Benefits of MRI-
-They do not involve exposure to radiation, so they can be safely used in people who might
be particularly vulnerable to the effects of radiation, such as pregnant women and babies, as
radiation can cause damage to tissues in the body.
