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Summary The Prime Minister and the Executive Notes

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  • Chapter 6
  • July 5, 2021
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  • 2020/2021
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The Prime Minister and the Executive – Notes

The Executive

 Executive is the branch of government concerned with the formulation and implementation
of policy
 Main institutions of the executive
- Prime Minister: The head of the government and chair of the cabinet
- Cabinet: the committee of senior ministers which is the ultimate decision-making body
of government
- Ministers: appointed by the PM to specify policy portfolios within the government
- Government departments: the main administrative units of central government, each
dealing with a particular area of policy


Role of the executive

 Making policy decisions
- PM in cabinet set political priorities and determine the country's overall policy direction
- Make day-to-day decisions on policy
 Proposing legislation
- Executive devices and initiates legislation
- Most primary legislation is proposed by the executive
 Proposing a budget
- Executive makes key decisions on economic policy and proposes a budget
- Chancellor set up first levels of taxation and public spending in budget


Powers of executive

Prerogative powers

 Power exercise by mini says that do not require parliamentary approval
 The monarch still has personal prerogative powers, including the appointment of the PM
and giving Royal assent to legislation
 Most prerogative powers exercised by ministers acting on behalf of the Crown
- Making and ratifying treaties
- International diplomacy
- Deployment of the armed forces overseas
 Some prerogative powers have been clarified and limited in recent years
 It is become a constitutional convention and parliament votes on the deployment of the
armed forces overseas
 Parliament voted against airstrikes in Syria 2013 and then gave its approval in 2015
 Prior to the fixed terms parliament Act 2011, the Prime Minister could ask the monarch to
dissolve parliament and call in early general election
 Now an early election can only be called if 2/3 of MPs approve in a vote in the HOC

, Control of the legislative agenda

 Most bills are proposed by the government, and it controls the legislative timetable
 Most government bills are approved by parliament and become law
 Private member bills that do not enjoy government support are unlikely to succeed
 Government control of the legislative process is also seen in its imposition of party discipline
and important votes and the requirement that all ministers must support the government in
parliament


Powers of secondary legislation

 This is a formal legislation which allows the provisions of an act of parliament to be brought
into force amended without requiring a further act


The Prime Minister

 Head of the UK government
 Provides political leadership within the cabinet system in the country at large
 Chairs the cabinet, appoints ministers and is the leader the largest party in the HOC


Role of the Prime Minister

 Political leadership
- Prime Minister decides the political direction taken by the government, setting its
priorities and strategy
- Determines policy on high profile issues
 National leadership
- PM is the predominant political figure in the UK and provides national leadership in
times of crisis
- Communicator in chief for the government
 Appointing the government
- PM determines the membership of the government by appointing and dismissing
ministers
 Chairing the cabinet
- PM chairs meetings for cabinet, states the agenda and steers its directions
 Managing the executive
- PM is responsible but the overall organization of the government and is head of the civil
service
 Prerogative powers
- Prime Minister exercise prerogative powers such as deploying the armed forces
overseas and recommending some public appointments
 Managing relations with parliament
- PM make statements to and answers questions in the HOC
 Representing the UK in international affairs
- PM represents the UK in high level international diplomacy

The prime minister’s office

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