Summary
Summary Electricity
Everything you need to know to get a 9 in this topic (search symbols)
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In series circuit components are connected end-to-end, oneafter the other. They make a simple loop for the current to
flow around and if one bulb blows, all of the bulbs go out.
In a parallel circuit the components are connected in
parallel. The current has a choice of routes and if one bulb
blows, the other still light on.
An electric current is electrons flowing through wires and components. Current flows through
negative to positive. Electric current is measured in amps (A) using an ammeter connected in series
in a circuit.
Potential difference is the “electric push” which the cell gives to the current. It is measured in volts
(V) with a voltmeter.
In series circuit, current is same at all points and voltage is shared between the components.
In parallel circuit, current is shared between the components and voltage is
the same in all parts.
Charge is a property of a body which experiences a force in an electric field.
Charge is measured in coulombs(C). Charge flow= current x time
Resistance is how easy electrons can move. There is resistance to the flow of an electronic current
through most conductors. Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω)
You can change resistance by: increasing the length of the wire and decreasing the
thickness of the wire.
Voltage = Current x resistance
When the components are connected in series , the same current flows through each component.
The size of the current depends on the total resistance of the component.
Total Resistance= R1+R2+R3
Fuse have a thin wire, which melts when current exceeds its rating. Once they blow the cannot be
used again. Fuses came in 3 sizes: 3A, 5A and 13A. Fuses prevent fire not electrocution. You only
need 0.1A to stop your heart.
In direct current (D.C.), current flows in the same direction. The
current is constant in size. This is like a battery or cell. It delivers
constant current in one direction.
In alternating current (A.C.), the current flows back and forth and
increases and decreases in size. This is like the main voltage at
home (230V).
The natinal grid is a network of power station and cabling that carries electricity around the country.
A transformer is an electrical device that changes the voltage of an alternating current supply, such
as the main electrical supply. A transpormer that increses the voltage is called set up transformer
and the one that decreases is called step down transformer.
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