Full notes for Immigration Law exam, based on the Immigration Law textbook and University of Law lectures and exercises. Index included, to be made into bundle for open book exam. Very complete, with annotations from workshops and exam technique
1. BRITISH NATIONALITY & COMMONWEALTH CITIZENS WITH RIGHT TO ABODE
1.1. Summary of British citizenship … p.1
1.2. Is a person a British citizen … p.2
1.3. Registration as British citizens … p.3
1.4. Naturalisation … p.3
1.4.1. Naturalisation as a spouse of a British citizen – Requirements … p.4
1.4.2. Naturalisation as a British citizen – Requirements … p.5
1.5. Formalities of receiving British citizenship and Deprivation of citizenship … p.7
1.6. Acquiring right to abode – requirements … p.8
2. IMMIGRATION STATUS
2.1. Conditions of limited leave to enter or remain … p.10
2.2. Entry clearance … p.11
2.3. Leave to enter – requirements … p.11
2.4. Leave to remain in the UK: extension or variation of existing leave … p.12
2.5. Settlement – ILR … p.13
2.5.1. Returning resident … p.14
2.5.2. Long residence rule – 10 years of lawful residence … p.14
2.5.2.1. 10 years residence provision in detail … p.15
2.5.3. Windrush scheme … p.17
2.6. The common travel area … p.17
2.7. Immigration health charge – IHS … p.17
2.8. Evidential flexibility for the points-based system (PBS) … p.18
2.9. Grounds for refusal of entry clearance, leave to enter/remain and settlement
2.9.1. Exclusion or deportation … p.19
2.9.2. Non-conducive to public goods … p.19
2.9.3. Criminality … p.19
2.9.4. Exclusion from asylum … p.20
2.9.5. Involvement in sham marriage … p.20
2.9.6. False representation … p.20
2.9.7. Previous breach of immigration law … p.20
2.9.8. Failure to provide required information … p.22
2.9.9. Debt to NHS and litigation costs … p.22
2.10. Additional grounds for refusal of entry on arrival – leave to enter … p.23
2.11. Grounds for refusal by the HO – extension or variation of existing leave
2.11.1. Procedural fairness for suspicion of dishonesty & reprehensible conduct … p.24
2.11.2. Overstayers … p.24
2.12. Cancellation of existing leave to enter or remain
3. VISITORS
3.1. Summary visitors – length of stay and permitted activities … p.27
3.2. Standard visitors
3.2.1. Genuine visitor requirement … p.27
3.2.2. Genuineness of seeking entry & credibility of intention to leave at end … p.28
3.2.3. Maintenance and accommodation … p.28
3.2.4. Third party assistance … p.28
3.2.5. Multi-entry visa … p.29
3.3. Prohibited activities and Payment requirements … p.29
3.4. Permitted activities … p.30
, 3.5. Visitors with additional requirements
3.5.1. Child visitor: alone or accompanies by adult … p.33
3.5.2. Private medical treatment visitor … p.33
3.5.3. Organ donor visitor … p.34
3.5.4. Approved destination status agreement visitor – Chinese … p.34
3.5.5. Academic visitor in excess of 6 months … p.35
3.5.6. Marriage and CP visitor … p.35
3.5.7. Permitted paid engagement (PPE) visitor … p.35
3.6. Appendix Visitor: visitor national list … p.36
4. STUDENTS
4.1. Sponsorship: approved educational provider … p.39
4.2. Validity, suitability and Eligibility requirements … p.39
4.3. Leave to enter and Extension
4.3.1. Leave to enter – permission length & conditions … p.46
4.3.2. Leave to remain – requirements & max period … p.47
4.4. Dependants: family members of a student … p.48
5. START-UP, INNOVATOR, TIER 1 INVESTOR VISA
5.1. Start-up visa
5.1.1. Endorsement requirement … p.54
5.1.2. Points requirements … p.55
5.1.2.1. Business is innovative, viable and scalable / English language / Financial
5.1.3. Genuine start-up requirement … p.57
5.1.4. Conditions and period of grant … p.57
5.2. Innovator visa
5.2.1. Points requirements … p.58
5.2.1.1. New business points … p.59
5.2.1.2. Same business points … p.61
5.2.1.3. English language / Financial
5.2.2. Period and conditions of grant … p.63
5.2.3. Settlements – ILR … p.63
5.3. Tier 1 Investor
5.3.1. T1 Investor requirements … p.65
5.3.2. Extension – Further leave to remain … p.67
5.3.3. Settlements – ILR … p.69
5.3.4. Period and conditions of grant … p.70
5.4. T1 Investor – policy guidance
5.4.1. Entry clearance queries … p.70
5.4.2. Extension of leave queries … p.73
5.4.3. General questions … p.74
5.5. Dependants to Start-up, Innovator and Tier 1 Investor visa
5.5.1. Partners … p.74
5.5.2. Children … p.76
6. EMPLOYMENT IN THE UK
6.1. Skilled Workers
6.1.1. Sponsor requirements … p.79
6.1.2. Points requirements … p.80
6.1.2.1. Sponsorship – COS / Job at appropriate skill level / English requirement
6.1.2.2. Tradeable points: A-F
, 6.1.3. Immigration skills charge … p.85
6.1.4. Salary requirements … p.85
6.1.5. Criminal record certificate requirements … p.87
6.1.6. Period and conditions of grant … p.88
6.1.7. Settlement – ILR … p.88
6.2. Dependants of Skilled Workers
6.2.1. Entry by dependants … p.89
6.2.2. Period and conditions of grant … p.91
6.2.3. Settlement – ILR … p.91
6.3. Intra-Company routes
6.3.1. Points requirements … p.92
6.3.1.1. Sponsorship – COS / Job at appropriate skill level / Salary
6.3.2. Financial requirements … p.95
6.3.3. Maximum length of assignment … p.95
6.4. Sole Representative of an Overseas Business
6.4.1. Overseas business requirement … p.96
6.4.2. Work requirements … p.96
6.4.3. English language … p.97
6.4.4. Financial requirement … p.97
6.4.5. Genuineness requirement … p.97
6.4.6. Entry clearance applications … p.98
6.4.7. Further leave to remain applications … p.98
6.4.8. Period and conditions of grant … p.99
6.4.9. Settlement – ILR … p.99
6.4.10. Dependants … p.99
6.5. Commonwealth citizen with UK Ancestry
6.5.1. UK ancestry requirement & evidence … p.100
6.5.2. Work requirement & evidence … p.100
6.5.3. Financial requirement … p.100
6.5.4. Settlement – ILR … p.101
6.5.5. Dependants … p.101
6.6. List of Commonwealth nations
7. PARTNERS
7.1. Entry clearance as a partner
7.1.1. Who is partner … p.102
7.1.2. Suitability requirements … p.103
7.1.3. Eligibility requirements
7.1.3.1. Relationship requirement … p.104
7.1.3.2. Financial requirement … p.108
7.1.3.3. Accommodation requirement … p.115
7.1.3.4. English language requirement … p.117
7.2. Leave to remain as a partner
7.2.1. Who can apply … p.117
7.2.2. Suitability requirements … p.118
7.2.3. Eligibility requirements … p.119
7.2.3.1. Relationship / Immigration / Financial / Accommodation / English language
7.2.4. Decision on application … p.120
7.3. Paragraph EX.1
7.3.1. Family life in UK with child … p.120
7.3.2. Family life in UK with a partner … p.122
, 7.4. Indefinite Leave to Remain (settlement) as a partner
7.4.1. Suitability requirements … p.123
7.4.2. Eligibility requirements … p.125
7.4.3. Absences from UK … p.125
7.4.4. Decision on application … p.125
7.5. Indefinite Leave to Remain (settlement) as a bereaved partner
7.5.1. Eligibility requirements … p.126
7.5.2. Timeliness of application & lateness … p.126
7.5.3. Decision on application … p.127
7.6. Indefinite Leave to Remain (settlement) as a partner who is a victim of domestic abuse
7.6.1. Eligibility requirements … p.127
7.6.2. Decision on application … p.127
8. ADULT DEPENDANT RELATIVES AND CHILDREN
8.1. Child entering for immediate settlement
8.1.1. Terms … p.129
8.1.2. Entry clearance requirements … p.129
8.2. Parent of a child settled in the UK / British child
8.2.1. Entry clearance requirements … p.133
8.2.2. Leave to remain requirements … p.134
8.2.3. Indefinite leave to remain (settlement) … p.136
8.3. Adult dependent relatives entering for immediate settlement
8.3.1. Entry clearance requirements … p.137
8.3.2. HO example scenarios from HO guidance … p.140
9. ASYLUM-SEEKERS AND REFUGEES
9.1. Overview: Procedure and Refugee Convention … p.141
9.2. Meeting the requirements of the Refugee Convention
9.2.1. ‘Well-founded fear of persecution’ … p.141
9.2.2. ‘For reasons of race, religion, nationality, social group or political opinion’ … p.144
9.2.3. ‘Is outside the country of his nationality’ … p.145
9.2.4. ‘And is unable or is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country’ … p.148
9.3. Exclusion from Refugee status
9.3.1. Exclusion under Art 1F: crime against humanity, non-political crime, terrorism … p.149
9.3.2. Enforced removal under Art 33(2): danger to security and community of UK … p.149
9.4. Considering cases
9.4.1. HO checklist – asylum case officers list … p.150
9.4.2. Claimant’s duties & Adverse inferences … p.151
9.4.3. Country policy and info notes … p.153
9.5. Refugee status
9.5.1. Five years limited status … p.153
9.5.2. Settlement … p.153
9.5.3. Review of status – Withdraw, Cancelled and Revoked … p.153
9.6. Human Rights issues
9.6.1. Domestic and foreign cases … p.154
9.6.2. Article 2 and 3 ECHR … p.155
9.7. Humanitarian protection and Discretionary leave
9.7.1. Humanitarian protection – Requirements & Grant… p.155
9.7.2. Discretionary leave – Qualifying criteria & Grant … p.156
9.8. Appeals and making ‘fresh’ asylum (or HR) claims … p.156
9.9. Asylum checklist – Questions for when advising an asylum claimant … p.157
,10. DEPORTATION, REMOVAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS
10.1. Private Life in the UK
10.1.1. Limited leave to remain … p.158
10.1.2. Indefinite leave to remain … p.161
10.2. Deportation
10.2.1. Grounds for deportation … p.162
10.2.2. a) Conducive to public good … p.162
10.2.3. Automatic deportation of foreign criminals … p.162
10.2.4. Procedure … p.163
10.2.5. Voluntary departure after enforcement action is made … p.163
10.2.6. Revocation of a deportation order … p.163
10.2.7. b) Family members of deportee … p.164
10.2.8. Presumption that the public interest requires deportation … p.164
10.3. Human Rights challenges to deportation – Articles 2, 3, 5, 6 ECHR … p.164
10.4. Article 8 ECHR challenges to deportation
10.4.1. Article 8: Private life … p.165
10.4.2. Article 8: Family life … p.165
10.4.3. Traditional 5 questions … p.166
10.4.4. Immigration policy – Criminality threshold … p.166
10.4.5. Para 399: Exception based on relationship with child … p.168
10.4.6. Para 399: Exception based on relationship with partner … p.170
10.4.7. Para 399A: Private life exception … p.170
10.4.8. Grant of limited leave under paras 399 or 399A (exceptions) … p.171
10.4.9. Very compelling circumstances … p.171
10.5. Administrative removal
10.5.1. Grounds for removal … p.172
10.5.2. Illegal entrant … p.172
10.5.3. Procedure … p.172
10.5.4. Effect … p.172
10.5.5. Difference of Government policy: Deportation & Administrative removal … p.172
10.5.6. Human Rights challenges to removal … p.173
, British Nationality, Right to Abode
British Nationality
• British citizen otherwise than by descent à born in the UK, naturalised + other examples
• British citizen by descent
British citizen British citizen
Summary of British Citizenship otherwise by by descent
descent
- Born in the UK before 1983 X
- Born in the UK after 1982 and
X
- Either parent a British citizen or settled in the UK
- Born in the UK after 1982 and
- Subsequently either parent becomes a British citizen or settled in X
the UK before applicant is 18.
- Born in the UK after 1982 and
- Remains in the UK for the first 10 years of life, and X
- Is not absent for more than 90 days each year during that period
- Born outside UK before 1983 and
- Father born, registered or naturalised in the UK and
X
- Married to mother (or parents subsequently marry in a country
where that marriage operates to legitimise the child)
- Born outside UK before 1983 and
- Mother born, registered or naturalised in the UK and X
- Registered child before reached 18 (or registers subsequently)
- Born outside UK after 1982 and
X
- Either parent a British citizen otherwise than by descent
- Born outside UK after 1982 and
- One parent is a British citizen by descent; and
- The British parent has a parent who is or was British otherwise
than by descent; and X
- The British parent had at some time before the child’s birth lived
in the UK for a continuous period of three years, not being absent
for more than 270 days in that period.
- Born outside UK after 1982 and
- One parent is a British citizen by descent; and
- The British parent has a parent who is or was British otherwise
than by descent; and X
- The family lives in the UK during applicant’s childhood for a
continuous period of three years and is not absent during that
time for more than 270 days.
- Naturalised in UK X
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