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MAKING NAIL VARNISH REMOVER
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- PEARSON (PEARSON)
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MAKING NAIL VARNISHREMOVER
Racine Morgan
SFH6
Unit 4- Laboratory Techniques and their Application
,Learning Aim B: explore the manufacturing techniques and testing methods for an
organic liquid
The aim in this assignment is to manufacture ethyl ethanoate using a variety of
techniques, such as distillation and reflux. When our product is formulated, we need to
determine if our product is simply ethyl ethanoate. This method is a reversible reaction
which implies our product can contain additional substances.
Distillation separates components of a mixture, while reflux helps complete a
reaction.
Reflux- a method involving heating a reaction mixture to the boiling point temperature
of the reaction solvent and using a condenser to recondense the vapours back into
the reaction flask. This allows a longer reaction time so that the reaction can
complete
Reflux is a technique that allows organic substances to be heated for a long time whilst
minimising the loss of substances to the atmosphere. You have to heat the reaction
mixture in a flask fitted with a reflux condenser. It is used in industrial and laboratory
distillations. It is also used in chemistry to supply energy to reactions over a long period
of time.
Equipment:
Heat source- heating mantle
Flask – round bottom flask
Condenser – Liebig condenser
Tubes
Anti-bumping granules
Iron stand
Clamp
RACINE MORGAN 1
, A Liebig condenser consist of two tubes, one inside the other. The space between the
tubes allows water to flow through, cooling down any gases present, to cause
condensation.
Anti -bumping granules prevents formation of large gas bubbles by providing
nucleation site for small bubbles to develop. It is much safer and more stable reaction
mixture, so it does not bubble over. It stops bumping and act as a focus for the
formation of vapour allowing smooth boiling.
The heating mantle helps to heat or control the temperature of different chemicals in
the laboratory. It has a crocheted net inside, in which you can hang the round bottom
flask to heat it.
The round bottom flask is a glass flask used in a laboratory for
holding chemical liquids and solutions. It has a spherical shape for heating and has a
long cylindrical neck.
A clamp is a fastening equipment used to hold or secure objects tightly together to
prevent movement.
Reflux involves heating the chemical reaction for a specific amount of time, while
continually cooling the vapour produced back into liquid form, using a condenser. The
vapours produced above the reaction continually undergo condensation, returning to the
flask as a condensate. The reactants for reflux experiments can be solid and liquid, or
both liquids. The condenser is always filled with water to ensure efficient cooling. The
vapours, which are given off from the liquid reaction mixture, change from gas phase
back to liquid phase due to heat loss. This then causes the liquid mixture to fall back
into the round bottom flask.
RACINE MORGAN 2
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