CELL BIOLOGY - I got a 7 on my final exam using these summary notes.
- Introduction to cells
- Ultrastructure of cells
- Membrane structure
- Membrane transport
- The origin of cells
- Cell division
Summary document of Chapter 5 Evolution and biodiversity IB Biology
IB Biology Full Course Notes + Required Drawings Units 1 - 11 & Option D
IB Human Physiology Option D - Biology HL & SL Notes for IBDP
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The Cell Theory
All living organisms are composed of cells.
- Unicellular
- Multicellular
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Homeostasis
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
Atypical cells
Striated muscle cells: have multiple nuclei
Fungi: made up of hyphae, tube-like structure with many nuclei
Algae: unicellular – even if they are large
Unicellular organisms
Paramecium
- Movement: beating of cilia on outside wall move the cell through water in response to
environmental stimuli
- Respiration: Metabolic reactions occur in cytoplasm (release energy by respiration).
Enzymes in cytoplasm are catalysts for reactions.
- Sensitivity: reacts to stimuli (reverses direction when comes into contact with object)
- Homeostasis: Contractile vacuoles fill up with water and expel it through plasma
membrane to keep water content within limit
- Growth: increases in size and mass by accumulating organic
- Reproduction: nucleus can divide to produce an extra nucleus (asexual reproduction)
- Excretion: cell membrane controls flow of substances through diffusion (entry of oxygen
for respiration and excretion)
- Nutrition: (endocytosis) food vacuoles contain smaller organisms that cell has
consumed. Are digested and nutrients are absorbed into cytoplasm for energy.
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